Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Question 1

Three causes of hypoxemia with increased A-a gradient

Answer 1

1. Diffusion defect (fibrosis)
2. V/Q defect
3. Right to left shunt

Question 2

Causes of hypoxemia with Normal A-a gradient

Answer 2

1. High altitude

2. Hypoventilation

Question 3

Five causes of hypoxia

Answer 3

1. Decreased Cardiac Output
2. Hypoxemia
3. Anemia
4. Carbon Monoxide poisoning
5. Cyanide poisoning

Question 4

____ is the decreased in arterial PO2

Answer 4

Hypoxemia

Question 5

____ is the decreased tissue PO2

Answer 5

Hypoxia

Triggers EPO production by increasing the production of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha

Question 6

Causes of shift to the right

Answer 6

1. Carbon dioxide increase
2. Acidosis
3. 2,3 BPG
4. Exercise
5. Temperature

Question 7

Causes of left shift in the dissociation curve

Answer 7

1. Carbon Monoxide
2. HbF

Carbon monoxide is 250x better to HgB than O2 but it causes left shift

Question 8

___ shift when there is a decrease in pH

Answer 8

shift to the right

Question 9

Three ways in transporting CO2

Answer 9

1. HCO3 (70%)
2. Carbamino Hgb (23%)
3. Freely-dissolved (7%)

Question 10

The high O2 in the lungs causes the unbinding of CO2 from the RBC. This effect is called the ___

Answer 10

Haldane Effect