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Physiology > Cytokines, hemostasis > Flashcards

Cytokines, hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Implicated in septic shock, RA, atherosclerosis

A

IL1

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2
Q

Used to induce lymphokine-activated killer cells; used in the treatment of metastatic RCCA, melanoma, various other projects

A

IL2

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3
Q

plays a role in defense against nematode infections

A

IL4

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4
Q

Overproduced in castleman disease

A

IL6

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5
Q

Acts as an autocrine growth factor in myeloma and in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis

A

IL6

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6
Q

Used to reduce chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia

A

IL11

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7
Q

Useful as an adjuvant for vaccines

A

IL 12

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8
Q

Used to treat AIDS-related kaposi sarcoma, melanoma, chronic hep B infection, chronic hep C infection

A

interferon alpha

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9
Q

used to reduce the frequency and severity of relapses in multiple sclerosis

A

interferon beta

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10
Q

used to enhance killing of phagocytoses bacteria in chronic granulomatous disease

A

interferon gamma

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11
Q

Used to reduce neutropenia after chemotherapy for tumors and in ganciclovir treated patients with AIDS

A

GM-CSF

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12
Q

What cell in the adaptive immunity makes sure that normal cells are not killed?

A

Suppressor Tc

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13
Q

What class of MHC is concerned with extracellular antigen like bacteria that are endocytosed (digested in late endosomes)

A

MHC II

Binds with CD4

Rule of 8

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14
Q

What class of MHC is concerned with digestion of mutant or viral proteins thereby digested by proteasome

A

MHC I

Binds with CD8

Rule of 8

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15
Q

[OAB blood group]

Has N-acetyl-galactosamine

A

Type A

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16
Q

[OAB blood group]

has galactose

A

Type B

Read as = Balactose

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17
Q

[OAB blood group]

neither N-acetyl-galactosamine nor galactose

A

Type O

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18
Q

[OAB blood group]

has both N-acetyl-galactosamine and galactose

A

Type AB

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19
Q

[Rh Blood Group System]

presence of D antigen

A

Rh +

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20
Q

[Determine the blood type]

Anti-A: negative
Anti-B: negative

A

Blood type O

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21
Q

[Determine the blood type]

Anti-A: positive
Anti-B: negative

A

Blood type A

Clots with anti-A

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22
Q

[Determine the blood type]

Anti-A: negative
Anti-B: positive

A

Blood type B

Clots with Anti-B

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23
Q

[Determine the blood type]

Anti-A: positive
Anti-B: positive

A

Blood type AB

Clots with both anti-A and B

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24
Q

[Types of organ transplantation]

donor is the patient’s twon

A

Isograft or Syngenic graft

25
Q

[Types of organ transplantation]

donor is the patient himself

A

autograft

26
Q

[Types of organ transplantation]

donor is from the same species

A

allograft

27
Q

What are the steps in hemostasis?

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
  2. Primary hemostasis
  3. Secondary hemostasis
  4. Resolution
28
Q

What are the causes of vascular constriction in hemostasis?

A
  1. Local myogenic spasm

2. Endothelin 1

29
Q

What are the steps in the formation of loose platelet plug?

A
  1. Platelet Adhesion
  2. Platelet activation
  3. Platelet aggregation
30
Q

What mediates platelet adhesion?

A
  1. vWF of blood vessels AND

2. gp1B of platelets

31
Q

What mediates platelet activation?

A

platelet change shape

32
Q

What mediates platelet aggregation?

A
  1. Fibrinogen
  2. gp2b-3a of platelets
  3. Platelet activation factor
33
Q

What factor helps stabilize the fibrin?

A

Factor XIIIa

34
Q

[Clotting factor]

factor I

A

fibrinogen

35
Q

[Clotting factor]

factor II

A

prothrombin

36
Q

[Clotting factor]

Factor III

A

tissue factor; tissue thromboplastin

37
Q

[Clotting factor]

Factor IV

A

calcium

38
Q

[Clotting factor]

Factor V

A

proaccelerin or labile factor

THERE IS NO FACTOR VI

39
Q

[Clotting factor]

Factor VII

A

Proconvertin OR serum prothrombin accelerator

THERE IS NO FACTOR VI

40
Q

[Clotting factor]

antihemophilic actor

A

Factor 8

41
Q

[Clotting factor]

christmas factor

A

Factor IX

42
Q

[Clotting factor]

Stuart-prower factor

A

Factor X

43
Q

[Clotting factor]

Antihemophilic factor C

A

Factor XI

44
Q

[Clotting factor]

Factor XII

A

Hageman factor

Remember: Hagedorn = 12

45
Q

[Clotting factor]

Factor XIII

A

Fibrin-stabilizing factor

46
Q

[Clotting factor]

Fletcher factor

A

Prekallikerin

47
Q

[Clotting factor]

Fitzgerald factor

A

HMW Kininogen

48
Q

Thrmbomodulin binds to thrombin and turns it into an anticoagulant. This is present in endothelial cells except:

A

cerebral microcirculation

49
Q

[Anticlotting mechanism]

What factors are inhibited by antithrombin 3

A

Factors 9, 10, 11, 12

50
Q

[Anticlotting mechanism]

What is the MOA of plasmin?

A

Produce fibrinogen fegradation products (FDP) that inhibit thrombin

51
Q

What innate immunity cell is predominant in acute inflammation?

A

Neutrophils

52
Q

What innate immunity cell is predominant in chronic inflammation?

A

macrophages

53
Q

[Wound healing]

20% of the ultimate strength is gained after how many weeks post injury of the skin?

A

3 weeks

54
Q

[Wound healing]

Wound that is 12 weeks post-injury gains around how many percent of normal skin strength

A

70%

55
Q

What interleukin is the major inducer of production of acute phase reactants?

A

IL6

56
Q

What laboratory parameter is used as an indirect measure of acute phase reactants?

A

ESR

57
Q

What is the major prototypical acute phase reactant?

A

CRP

58
Q

An _____ (increase/ decrease ESR) is pathognomonic of polymyalgia rheumatica

A

Increased ESR

Physiology (47 decks)

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