Cytokines, hemostasis Flashcards by Clyde Silverio

Implicated in septic shock, RA, atherosclerosis

IL1

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Used to induce lymphokine-activated killer cells; used in the treatment of metastatic RCCA, melanoma, various other projects

IL2

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plays a role in defense against nematode infections

IL4

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Overproduced in castleman disease

IL6

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Acts as an autocrine growth factor in myeloma and in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis

IL6

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Used to reduce chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia

IL11

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Useful as an adjuvant for vaccines

IL 12

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Used to treat AIDS-related kaposi sarcoma, melanoma, chronic hep B infection, chronic hep C infection

interferon alpha

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used to reduce the frequency and severity of relapses in multiple sclerosis

interferon beta

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used to enhance killing of phagocytoses bacteria in chronic granulomatous disease

interferon gamma

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Used to reduce neutropenia after chemotherapy for tumors and in ganciclovir treated patients with AIDS

GM-CSF

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What cell in the adaptive immunity makes sure that normal cells are not killed?

Suppressor Tc

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What class of MHC is concerned with extracellular antigen like bacteria that are endocytosed (digested in late endosomes)

MHC II

Binds with CD4

Rule of 8

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What class of MHC is concerned with digestion of mutant or viral proteins thereby digested by proteasome

MHC I

Binds with CD8

Rule of 8

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[OAB blood group]

Has N-acetyl-galactosamine

Type A

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[OAB blood group]

has galactose

Type B

Read as = Balactose

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[OAB blood group]

neither N-acetyl-galactosamine nor galactose

Type O

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[OAB blood group]

has both N-acetyl-galactosamine and galactose

Type AB

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[Rh Blood Group System]

presence of D antigen

Rh +

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[Determine the blood type]

Anti-A: negative
Anti-B: negative

Blood type O

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[Determine the blood type]

Anti-A: positive
Anti-B: negative

Blood type A

Clots with anti-A

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[Determine the blood type]

Anti-A: negative
Anti-B: positive

Blood type B

Clots with Anti-B

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[Determine the blood type]

Anti-A: positive
Anti-B: positive

Blood type AB

Clots with both anti-A and B

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[Types of organ transplantation]

donor is the patient’s twon

Isograft or Syngenic graft

[Types of organ transplantation] donor is the patient himself

autograft

[Types of organ transplantation] donor is from the same species

allograft

What are the steps in hemostasis?

1. Vasoconstriction 2. Primary hemostasis 3. Secondary hemostasis 4. Resolution

What are the causes of vascular constriction in hemostasis?

1. Local myogenic spasm | 2. Endothelin 1

What are the steps in the formation of loose platelet plug?

1. Platelet Adhesion 2. Platelet activation 3. Platelet aggregation

What mediates platelet adhesion?

1. vWF of blood vessels AND | 2. gp1B of platelets

What mediates platelet activation?

platelet change shape

What mediates platelet aggregation?

1. Fibrinogen 2. gp2b-3a of platelets 3. Platelet activation factor

What factor helps stabilize the fibrin?

Factor XIIIa

[Clotting factor] factor I

fibrinogen

[Clotting factor] factor II

prothrombin

[Clotting factor] Factor III

tissue factor; tissue thromboplastin

[Clotting factor] Factor IV

calcium

[Clotting factor] Factor V

proaccelerin or labile factor THERE IS NO FACTOR VI

[Clotting factor] Factor VII

Proconvertin OR serum prothrombin accelerator THERE IS NO FACTOR VI

[Clotting factor] antihemophilic actor

Factor 8

[Clotting factor] christmas factor

Factor IX

[Clotting factor] Stuart-prower factor

Factor X

[Clotting factor] Antihemophilic factor C

Factor XI

[Clotting factor] Factor XII

Hageman factor Remember: Hagedorn = 12

[Clotting factor] Factor XIII

Fibrin-stabilizing factor

[Clotting factor] Fletcher factor

Prekallikerin

[Clotting factor] Fitzgerald factor

HMW Kininogen

Thrmbomodulin binds to thrombin and turns it into an anticoagulant. This is present in endothelial cells except:

cerebral microcirculation

[Anticlotting mechanism] What factors are inhibited by antithrombin 3

Factors 9, 10, 11, 12

[Anticlotting mechanism] What is the MOA of plasmin?

Produce fibrinogen fegradation products (FDP) that inhibit thrombin

What innate immunity cell is predominant in acute inflammation?

Neutrophils

What innate immunity cell is predominant in chronic inflammation?

macrophages

[Wound healing] 20% of the ultimate strength is gained after how many weeks post injury of the skin?

3 weeks

[Wound healing] Wound that is 12 weeks post-injury gains around how many percent of normal skin strength

70%

What interleukin is the major inducer of production of acute phase reactants?

IL6

What laboratory parameter is used as an indirect measure of acute phase reactants?

ESR

What is the major prototypical acute phase reactant?

CRP

An _____ (increase/ decrease ESR) is pathognomonic of polymyalgia rheumatica

Increased ESR