Basal Ganglia Flashcards
The basal ganglia is composed of ___, ____, ____, and ____
Striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nuclei, and substantia nigra
The main NT of the basal ganglia is ____
GABA
Between the striatum and substantia nigra, dopamine inhibits the indirect pathway using ____ receptors
D2 receptors.
Remember, dopa inhibits indirect two!
Excitatory direct pathway: D1
The NT in the subthalamic nucleus which excites the globus pallidus and internal segment
glutamate
The NT in the substantia nigra pars reticulata is ____ while the pars compacta ___ is
- GABA, inhibits thalamus
2. Dopamine, inhibits striatum (D2)
The striatum inhibits the substantia nigra pars reticulata by releasing ____
ACh
Hemiballismus is caused by a lesion in the ____
subthalamic nucleus
Lesion in the substantia nigra results in parkinsons disease presenting as _____ (TRAP) due to degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons
Tremors, cogwheel Rigidity, Akinesia, Postural problems
The primary function of the basal ganglia is ___ and ___
planning and and programming of movement
what is the neurotransmitter between the striatum and substantia nigra?
dopamin
[between the striatum and substantia nigra…]
the D2 receptor __ (inhibit/stimulate) the inhibitory indirect pathway
inhibit
[between the striatum and substantia nigra…]
the D1 receptor __ (inhibit/stimulate) the excitatory direct pathway
stimulates
[between the striatum and substantia nigra…]
D2 receptor acts on the ___ pathway
inhibitory indirect pathway
[between the striatum and substantia nigra…]
D1 receptor acts on the ___ pathway
excitatory direct pathway
[between the striatum and substantia nigra…]
the substantia nigra pars reticulata releases ___ which inhibits thalamus
GABA
[between the striatum and substantia nigra…]
the substantia nigra pars compacta releases ___ which inhibits the striatum
Dopamine
[between the striatum and substantia nigra…]
GABA is inhibitory to the thalamus because of this
substantia nigra pars reticulata
Dopamine is inhibitory to the thalamus because of this
substantia nigra pars compacta
[between the striatum and substantia nigra…]
the striatum releases ___ to inhibit substantia nigra pars reticulata
Ach
[between the striatum and substantia nigra…]
Ach inhibits the ____
substantia nigra pars reticulata
[between the striatum and substantia nigra…]
the globus pallidus external segment inhibit the subthalamic nucleus by releasing ____
GABA
[lesions]
inability to maintain posture
globus palidus
[lesions]
wild, flailing movements
subthalamic nucleus (hemiballismus)
[lesions]
quick, continuous, uncontrollable movement
striatum
[lesions]
huntington disease affects this area
striatum
[lesions]
tremor, cogwheel rigidity, reduced voluntary movement, postural problems
substantia nigra
[lesions]
affected by parkinsons
substantia nigra
