Hematology Flashcards
[RBC Stages]
synthesis of hemoglobin starts
Proerythroblast
[RBC Stages]
nucleoli disappear
Basophilic erythroblast
[RBC Stages]
hemoglobin appears
Polychromatic erythroblast
[RBC Stages]
Nucleus disappears
Orthochromatic erythroblast
[RBC Stages]
stage that enters blood
Reticulocytes
[RBC Stages]
reticulum disappears, final product
erythrocyte
[Innate/Adaptive]
non-specific, no memory
Innate Immunity
[Innate/Adaptive]
faster, acts within minutes
Innate immunity
[Innate/Adaptive]
activated by classical pathway
adaptive immunity
[Innate/Adaptive]
improves after each repeated exposure, more portent
adaptive immunity
___ refers to the non-cellular part of the blood; where cells are suspended
plasma
____ refers to plasma without the clotting proteins; has a higher serotonin content
serum
[Name the protein]
binds and carries hormones, AA, steroids, vitamins , FA; osmotic regulator
albumin
[Name the protein]
protease inhibitor of intrinsic coagulation system
antithrombin III
[Name the protein]
transports copper
Ceruloplasmin
[Name the protein]
transports cell-free hemoglobin
Haptoglobin
[Name the protein]
binds to porphyrins particularly heme for heme recyling
hemopexin
[Name the protein]
transport of iron
transferrin
[Name the protein]
inhibits blood clotting
Antithrombin C, protein C
[Name the protein]
carrier protein for steroids in bloodstream
Steroid hormone-binding protein
Site of fetal blood cell formation during the first trimester
- Yolk sac or
2. Aortic gonad mesonephros
Site of fetal blood cell formation during the second trimester
liver
Site of blood cell formation during birth to puberty
Bone marrow of all bones
Site of blood cell formation at age 20 and above
Bone marrow of centrally-located bones
[RBC Parameter]
protein inside RBC that binds with O2
Hemoglobin
[RBC Parameter]
percentage of cells in whole blood
hematocrit
What is the primary mechanism for the change in RBC shape during sickle cell crisis
Polymerization of HbS as it deoxygenated
Protoporphyrin IX + Fe++ gives you
heme
What are the types of adaptive immunity?
- Humoral = B lymphocytes
2. Cell mediated = T lymphocytes
What adaptive immune response is active against extracellular microbes and toxin induced diseases?
Humoral = B cells
What adaptive immune response is active against intracellular microbes like viruses, leishmania, mycobacteria, listeria
Cell mediated
The cells of the humoral immunity is located in which part of the LN
superficial cortex
The cells of the humoral immunity is located in which part of the spleen
white pulp
paracortical = periarteriolar = T lymphocytes
The cells of the cell mediated immunity is located in which part of the LN
Paracortical
paracortical = periarteriolar = T lymphocytes
The cells of the cell mediated immunity is located in which part of the spleen
periarteriolar
B cells differentiate into antibody secreting cells called ____
plasma cells
What is/are the type/s of hypersensitivity reactions that are under the humoral immunity?
Type I
Type II
Type III
To synthesize antibody from plasma cells, it required these 3 other cells namely ____
- T Lymphocyte
- B lymphocyte
- Macrophage
Which branch of the adaptive immunity is tested during skin testing to know the presence of hypersensitivity?
- Cell-mediated
Most common type of cell in the innate immunity
Neutrophil = highly lobulated
[Cells of the innate immune system]
bilobes, stain bright red with eosin dye
involved in parasitic infections
Eosinophils
[Cells of the innate immune system]
bilobed, basophilic
involved in histamine , heparin, bradykinin, serotonin production
Basophils
What cell of the innate immunity produces clinical manifestations of allergy to anaphylaxis?
mast cell
[Cells of the innate immune system]
largest of WBC
monocytes
[Cells of the innate immune system]
first line of defense, presents within minutes
Tissue macrophages
[Cells of the innate immune system]
2nd line of defense; starts migrating in response to inflammatory cytokines
neutrophils
[Cells of the innate immune system]
3rd line of defense
monocytes
[Immunoglobulin strucutre]
determines the specificity to antigen
Variable portion
[Immunoglobulin strucutre]
determines other properties of antibodies
Constant portion
What is the indirect effect of antibodies/immunoglobulins
Activation of complement system
[Type of Immunoglobulin]
smallest, most numerous; responsible for secondary immune response
IgG
[Type of Immunoglobulin]
largest, primary immune response
IgM
[Type of Immunoglobulin]
Used for complement activation
IgG
IgM
[Type of Immunoglobulin]
present in human milk, saliva, tears, respiratory tract, GIT, genital tract
IgA
[Type of Immunoglobulin]
Regain reactivity; releases histamine from basophils and mast cells
IgE
What are the target of your complement system?
Ag-Ab complexes
What is the MOA of your membrane attack complex?
perforate foreign organism
What triggers the activation of the classic pathway?
immune complex
This complement system pathway is triggers by contact with viruses, bacteria, fungi and tumor cells
Alternative/Properdin pathway
What component of the complement system causes opsonization?
C3b
What component of the complement system induces inflammation (anaphylatoxin)?
C3a, C4a, C5a
What component of the complement system causes chemotaxis?
C5a
What component of the complement system compose the membrane attack complex?
C5b-C9
[Cells of Adaptive Immunity]
stimulate cellular immunity (activated T cells)
TH1
Secretes IL12, gamma interferon
[Cells of Adaptive Immunity]
interact with B cells in relation to humoral immunity
TH2
secretes IL4, IL5
[Cells of Adaptive Immunity]
induced in response to bacterial infections; recruit neutrophils; generate harmful inflammatory responses
TH17
Secretes IL6, IL17
[Cells of Adaptive Immunity]
dampen Tcell driven responses
Treg
secretes IL10
This is the cytotoxic lymphocyte of the innate immune system
NK cell
What do you call the cytotoxic lymphocyte that has features of T lymphocytes and NK cell?
NKT cell
This cell refers to the activated naive B cel
plasma cell
able to secrete Ab
