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Physiology > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

[RBC Stages]

synthesis of hemoglobin starts

A

Proerythroblast

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2
Q

[RBC Stages]

nucleoli disappear

A

Basophilic erythroblast

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3
Q

[RBC Stages]

hemoglobin appears

A

Polychromatic erythroblast

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4
Q

[RBC Stages]

Nucleus disappears

A

Orthochromatic erythroblast

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5
Q

[RBC Stages]

stage that enters blood

A

Reticulocytes

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6
Q

[RBC Stages]

reticulum disappears, final product

A

erythrocyte

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7
Q

[Innate/Adaptive]

non-specific, no memory

A

Innate Immunity

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8
Q

[Innate/Adaptive]

faster, acts within minutes

A

Innate immunity

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9
Q

[Innate/Adaptive]

activated by classical pathway

A

adaptive immunity

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10
Q

[Innate/Adaptive]

improves after each repeated exposure, more portent

A

adaptive immunity

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11
Q

___ refers to the non-cellular part of the blood; where cells are suspended

A

plasma

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12
Q

____ refers to plasma without the clotting proteins; has a higher serotonin content

A

serum

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13
Q

[Name the protein]

binds and carries hormones, AA, steroids, vitamins , FA; osmotic regulator

A

albumin

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14
Q

[Name the protein]

protease inhibitor of intrinsic coagulation system

A

antithrombin III

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15
Q

[Name the protein]

transports copper

A

Ceruloplasmin

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16
Q

[Name the protein]

transports cell-free hemoglobin

A

Haptoglobin

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17
Q

[Name the protein]

binds to porphyrins particularly heme for heme recyling

A

hemopexin

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18
Q

[Name the protein]

transport of iron

A

transferrin

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19
Q

[Name the protein]

inhibits blood clotting

A

Antithrombin C, protein C

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20
Q

[Name the protein]

carrier protein for steroids in bloodstream

A

Steroid hormone-binding protein

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21
Q

Site of fetal blood cell formation during the first trimester

A
  1. Yolk sac or

2. Aortic gonad mesonephros

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22
Q

Site of fetal blood cell formation during the second trimester

A

liver

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23
Q

Site of blood cell formation during birth to puberty

A

Bone marrow of all bones

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24
Q

Site of blood cell formation at age 20 and above

A

Bone marrow of centrally-located bones

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25
Q

[RBC Parameter]

protein inside RBC that binds with O2

A

Hemoglobin

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26
Q

[RBC Parameter]

percentage of cells in whole blood

A

hematocrit

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27
Q

What is the primary mechanism for the change in RBC shape during sickle cell crisis

A

Polymerization of HbS as it deoxygenated

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28
Q

Protoporphyrin IX + Fe++ gives you

A

heme

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29
Q

What are the types of adaptive immunity?

A
  1. Humoral = B lymphocytes

2. Cell mediated = T lymphocytes

30
Q

What adaptive immune response is active against extracellular microbes and toxin induced diseases?

A

Humoral = B cells

31
Q

What adaptive immune response is active against intracellular microbes like viruses, leishmania, mycobacteria, listeria

A

Cell mediated

32
Q

The cells of the humoral immunity is located in which part of the LN

A

superficial cortex

33
Q

The cells of the humoral immunity is located in which part of the spleen

A

white pulp

paracortical = periarteriolar = T lymphocytes

34
Q

The cells of the cell mediated immunity is located in which part of the LN

A

Paracortical

paracortical = periarteriolar = T lymphocytes

35
Q

The cells of the cell mediated immunity is located in which part of the spleen

A

periarteriolar

36
Q

B cells differentiate into antibody secreting cells called ____

A

plasma cells

37
Q

What is/are the type/s of hypersensitivity reactions that are under the humoral immunity?

A

Type I
Type II
Type III

38
Q

To synthesize antibody from plasma cells, it required these 3 other cells namely ____

A
  1. T Lymphocyte
  2. B lymphocyte
  3. Macrophage
39
Q

Which branch of the adaptive immunity is tested during skin testing to know the presence of hypersensitivity?

A
  1. Cell-mediated
40
Q

Most common type of cell in the innate immunity

A

Neutrophil = highly lobulated

41
Q

[Cells of the innate immune system]

bilobes, stain bright red with eosin dye

involved in parasitic infections

A

Eosinophils

42
Q

[Cells of the innate immune system]

bilobed, basophilic

involved in histamine , heparin, bradykinin, serotonin production

A

Basophils

43
Q

What cell of the innate immunity produces clinical manifestations of allergy to anaphylaxis?

A

mast cell

44
Q

[Cells of the innate immune system]

largest of WBC

A

monocytes

45
Q

[Cells of the innate immune system]

first line of defense, presents within minutes

A

Tissue macrophages

46
Q

[Cells of the innate immune system]

2nd line of defense; starts migrating in response to inflammatory cytokines

A

neutrophils

47
Q

[Cells of the innate immune system]

3rd line of defense

A

monocytes

48
Q

[Immunoglobulin strucutre]

determines the specificity to antigen

A

Variable portion

49
Q

[Immunoglobulin strucutre]

determines other properties of antibodies

A

Constant portion

50
Q

What is the indirect effect of antibodies/immunoglobulins

A

Activation of complement system

51
Q

[Type of Immunoglobulin]

smallest, most numerous; responsible for secondary immune response

A

IgG

52
Q

[Type of Immunoglobulin]

largest, primary immune response

A

IgM

53
Q

[Type of Immunoglobulin]

Used for complement activation

A

IgG

IgM

54
Q

[Type of Immunoglobulin]

present in human milk, saliva, tears, respiratory tract, GIT, genital tract

A

IgA

55
Q

[Type of Immunoglobulin]

Regain reactivity; releases histamine from basophils and mast cells

A

IgE

56
Q

What are the target of your complement system?

A

Ag-Ab complexes

57
Q

What is the MOA of your membrane attack complex?

A

perforate foreign organism

58
Q

What triggers the activation of the classic pathway?

A

immune complex

59
Q

This complement system pathway is triggers by contact with viruses, bacteria, fungi and tumor cells

A

Alternative/Properdin pathway

60
Q

What component of the complement system causes opsonization?

A

C3b

61
Q

What component of the complement system induces inflammation (anaphylatoxin)?

A

C3a, C4a, C5a

62
Q

What component of the complement system causes chemotaxis?

A

C5a

63
Q

What component of the complement system compose the membrane attack complex?

A

C5b-C9

64
Q

[Cells of Adaptive Immunity]

stimulate cellular immunity (activated T cells)

A

TH1

Secretes IL12, gamma interferon

65
Q

[Cells of Adaptive Immunity]

interact with B cells in relation to humoral immunity

A

TH2

secretes IL4, IL5

66
Q

[Cells of Adaptive Immunity]

induced in response to bacterial infections; recruit neutrophils; generate harmful inflammatory responses

A

TH17

Secretes IL6, IL17

67
Q

[Cells of Adaptive Immunity]

dampen Tcell driven responses

A

Treg

secretes IL10

68
Q

This is the cytotoxic lymphocyte of the innate immune system

A

NK cell

69
Q

What do you call the cytotoxic lymphocyte that has features of T lymphocytes and NK cell?

A

NKT cell

70
Q

This cell refers to the activated naive B cel

A

plasma cell

able to secrete Ab

Physiology (47 decks)

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