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Physiology > Sensory Pathway > Flashcards

Sensory Pathway Flashcards

1
Q

____ mediates the pain fibers from pelvis and spinal cord in a patient with gonorrhea

A

Substance P

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2
Q

The neurotransmitters in the endogenous analgesia system

A

serotonin, epinephrine, NE

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3
Q

According to Ganong, these are the chemicals and NTs involved in pain modulation

A
  1. Serotonin - nucleus raphe magnum and spinal dorsal horn
  2. NE - Locus Ceruleus
  3. Morphine - Periaqueductal gray matter
  4. Enkephalin - Spinal Dorsal Horn
  5. Opioids - DRG
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4
Q

Tactile receptors that are useful in 2 point discrimination

A

Merkel and Meissner

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5
Q

___ pathway for touch sensation that require high degree of localization and fine gradation of intensity

A

Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus Pathway;

Spinothalamic Tract is for pain, temp, light touch, pressure, tickle

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6
Q

Type ___ receptive field is smaller with well-defined borders, useful for 2-point discrimination

A

Type 1

Type 2 Receptive Field is wider but poorly-defined borders.

Remember: pointer finger pointing to something specific for type 1; while raising the middle finger for type 2

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7
Q

This tactile receptor is used for heavy and sustain/steady pressure and to signal degree of joint rotation

A

Ruffini Corpuscles

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8
Q

These fibers are found in both hairy and glaborous skin and deep tissues with a warmth threshold of 30degC and cold threshold of 24degC.

A

Type Adelta, Type C

Note: Cold receptors are inactive at <10degC

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9
Q

____ converts environmental signals into neural signals

A

sensory receptors

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10
Q

[type of sensory receptors]

unmyelinated, innervated by type A delta fibers and type C fibers

A

nocicepter

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11
Q

[type of sensory receptors]

unmyelinated/lightly myelinated

innervated by typeA delta and Type C fibers

A

thermoreceptor

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12
Q

the warmth threshold of the thermoreceptor is ____

A

30 degC

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13
Q

the cold threshold of the thermoreceptor is ___

A

24 degC

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14
Q

the cold receptors are inactive at

A

<10 deg C

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15
Q

____ are examples of electromagnetic receptor

A

rods and cones

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16
Q

depolarization in sensory receptor causes ____

A

receptor potential/generator potential

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17
Q

[sensory receptor]

detects steady stimulus

A

slowly-adapting receptors (tonic receptors)

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18
Q

[sensory receptor]

detects onset and offset stimulus, has a predictive function

A

rapidly-adapting receptors (phasic receptors)

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19
Q

[receptive field]

smaller with well-defined borders

A

type 1

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20
Q

[receptive field]

wider but with poorly-defined borders

A

type 2

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21
Q

____ are skin regions controlled by each sensory neuron

A

receptive field

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22
Q

[type of nerve fiber]

widest, most myelinated, fastest, accurate, precise, needs most energy

A

type A

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23
Q

[type of nerve fiber]

unmyelinated, thinnest, less precise, less accurate

A

type C

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24
Q

[type of nerve fiber: specific]

for proprioception, seen in muscle spindle afferents

A

A-alpha

Ia

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25
Q

[type of nerve fiber: specific]

for proprioception, seen in golgi tendon organs

A

A-alpha

Ib

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26
Q

[type of nerve fiber: specific]

for touch, pressure seen in secondary afferents of muscle spindles

A

A-beta

II

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27
Q

[type of nerve fiber: specific]

seen in intrafusal muscle fibers

A

A-gamma

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28
Q

[type of nerve fiber: specific]

fast pain, temperature

A

A-delta

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29
Q

[type of nerve fiber: specific]

seen in preganglionic autonomic fibers

A

B

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30
Q

[type of nerve fiber: specific]

slow pain

A

C

IV

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31
Q

[type of nerve fiber: specific]

seen in postganglionic autonomic fibers

A

C

IV

32
Q

[type of nerve fiber: specific]

acute, electric pain

A

A-delta

33
Q

[type of nerve fiber: specific]

burning, aching, tickle, itch

A

C

IV

34
Q

[which is more susceptible to…]

hypoxia

A

B

B>A>C

35
Q

[which is more susceptible to…]

pressure

A

A

A>B>C

36
Q

[which is more susceptible to…]

local anesthetics

A

C

C>B>A

37
Q

[sensory receptor]

First-order neuron

A

dorsal root or cranial nerve ganglia

38
Q

[sensory receptor]

second order neurons

A

spinal cord or brainstem

axons may decussate

39
Q

[sensory receptor]

third-order neuron

A

relay nucleus of the thalamus

40
Q

[sensory receptor]

Fourth-order neuron

A

sensory cortex

41
Q

[somatosensory pathway]

for position sense and fine pressure

A

dorsal column

medial lemniscus pathway

42
Q

[somatosensory pathway]

the decussation of the pathway for position sense and fine pressure is ___

A

near the medulla

43
Q

[somatosensory pathway]

the nerve fibers of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway is ___

A

Type III

large myelinated

44
Q

[somatosensory pathway]

this pathway is active in two-point discrimination

A

dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway

45
Q

[somatosensory pathway]

this pathway uses smaller myelinated fibers (Type III, IV)

A

spinothalamic tract

46
Q

[somatosensory pathway]

the pathway for pain, temperature and light touch decussates at ___

A

immediately

47
Q

[somatosensory pathway]

this pathway is for the pain, temperature, light tough, tickle and itch

A

anterolateral

spinothalamic

48
Q

[tactile receptor]

used in MOVING 2-point discrimination

A

meissner corpuscle

49
Q

[tactile receptor]

fast adapting, receptive field 1

A

meissner

50
Q

[tactile receptor]

used in steady 2-point discrimination

A

merkel disk

51
Q

slow adapting, receptive field 1

A

merkel disk

52
Q

[tactile receptor]

used in 2-point discrimination

A

merkel (steady)

meissner (moving)

53
Q

[tactile receptor]

used to determine texture

A

merkel (steady)

meissner (moving)

54
Q

[tactile receptor]

slow acting, type 2

A

ruffini corpuscles

55
Q

[tactile receptor]

used for sustained steady pressure

A

ruffini corpuscles

56
Q

[tactile receptor]

signals degree of rotation

A

ruffini corpuscles

57
Q

[tactile receptor]

seen in enlarged dendritic endings with elongated capsules in deep skin

A

ruffini corpuscles

58
Q

[tactile receptor]

unmyelinated, onion-shaped

subcutaneous skin and deep fascia

A

pacinian corpucles

59
Q

[tactile receptor]

fast acting
type 2

A

pacinian corpuscles

60
Q

[tactile receptor]

used in deep pressure

A

pacinian corpuscles

61
Q

[tactile receptor]

used in high-frequency (fast) vibration

A

pacinian corpuscles

62
Q

[tactile receptor]

active during tapping motion

A

pacinian corpuscles

63
Q

speed of fast pain

A

0.1 sec

64
Q

[types of pain]

uses Type A-delta fibers or Type III

A

fast pain

65
Q

[types of pain]

the neurotransmitter is glutamate

A

fast pain

66
Q

[types of pain]

associated with tissue destruction, visceral pain

A

slow pain

67
Q

[types of pain]

uses type C fibers or type IV if visceral pain, 1 sec of stimulus

A

slow pain

68
Q

[types of pain]

neurotransmitter is Substance P

A

slow pain

69
Q

[types of pain]

free nerve endings are triggered at this temp range

A

<15

or >43

70
Q

these are considered endogenous analgesia system

A

serotonin
Epi
NE

71
Q

[chemical NTs involved in pain modulation]

nucleus raphe magnum and spinal dorsal horn

A

serotonin

72
Q

[chemical NTs involved in pain modulation]

locus ceruleus

A

NE

73
Q

[chemical NTs involved in pain modulation]

periaqueductal gray matter

A

morphine

74
Q

[chemical NTs involved in pain modulation]

spinal dorsal horn

A

enkephalin

75
Q

[chemical NTs involved in pain modulation]

dorsal root ganglion

A

opioids

Physiology (47 decks)

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