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Physiology > Neuromuscular and Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

Neuromuscular and Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

[supporting cell]

tissue macrophage in the brain

A

microglia

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2
Q

[supporting cell]

myelin formation

A

oligodendrocyte

schwann cell

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3
Q

[supporting cell]

envelope synapses, helps form the BBB

A

astrocyte

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4
Q

[supporting cell]

astrocyte in the white matter

A

fibrous astrocyte

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5
Q

[supporting cell]

astrocytes in the gray matter with granular cytoplasm

A

protoplasmic astrocyte

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6
Q

[supporting cell]

maintain appropriate concentration of ions and NT

A

protoplasmic astrocyte

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7
Q

[parts of the neuron]

receiving portion

A

dendrite

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8
Q

[parts of the neuron]

initial segment; AP is generated

A

axon hillock

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9
Q

[parts of the neuron]

transmitting portion
has unmyelinated or myelinated

A

axon

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10
Q

[parts of the neuron]

unmyelinated, transmit electrical signal

A

nodes of ranvier

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11
Q

[parts of the neuron]

tip of axon

A

terminal buoton

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12
Q

[parts of the neuron]

part of the neuron that is a voltage gated Ca channel

A

terminal buoton

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13
Q

[parts of the neuron]

where organelles and nucleus are seen

A

cell body (soma)

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14
Q

[parts of the neuron]

unmyelinated portion of the axon

A

nodes of ranvier

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15
Q

[parts of the neuron]

branch of the axon

A

neural fibril

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16
Q

synaptic transmission is __ (orthodromic or antidromic)

A

orthodromic

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17
Q

[synaptic transmission]

synapse to axon transmission

A

orthodromic

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18
Q

[synaptic transmission]

axon to synapse transmission

A

antidromic

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19
Q

[synaptic transmission]

depolarizes postsynaptic cell, brings closer to threshold

A

EPSP

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20
Q

[synaptic transmission]

hyperpolarizes post synaptic cells due to Cl influx

A

IPSP

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21
Q

___ summation

2 or more excitatory inputs at rapid succession

A

Temporal

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22
Q

___ summation

2 or more excitatory inputs at the same time

A

spatial

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23
Q

[synaptic transmission]

endplate potential is caused by ___ influx

A

sodium

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24
Q

[synaptic transmission]

____ is caused by Cl influx, K efflux, closure of Na or Ca

A

IPSP

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25
Q

[synaptic transmission]

___ is caused by Na influx, Ca Influx

A

Fast EPSP

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26
Q

[synaptic transmission]

___ is caused by K efflux

A

Slow EPSP

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27
Q

[synaptic transmission]

___ is caused by K efflux

A

presynaptic inhibition

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28
Q

examples of small molecules NTs

A

monoamines, catecholamines, amino acids

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29
Q

Examples of large molecules

A

neuropeptides (substance P, enkephalin, vasopressin)

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30
Q

[neurotransmitter]

triggers REM sleep

A

acetylcholine

31
Q

[neurotransmitter]

decreased levels in huntington’s, alzheimer’s dementia

A

acetylcholine

32
Q

[neurotransmitter]

found in the the locus ceruleus of pons

A

norepinephrine

33
Q

[neurotransmitter]

neuroMODULATOR in the CNS
neuroTRANSMITTER in the PNS

A

norepinephrine

34
Q

[neurotransmitter]

the half life is shorter compared to renin, aldosterone, corticosterone, and DHEA

A

norepinephrine

35
Q

[neurotransmitter]

primary NT from post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons

A

norepinephrine

36
Q

[neurotransmitter]

secreted by the adrenal medulla

A

epinephrine

37
Q

[neurotransmitter]

has greater beta 2 action than norepinephrine

A

epinephrine

38
Q

[neurotransmitter]

decreases the contraction of airway smooth muscle

A

epinephrine

39
Q

[neurotransmitter]

this is secreted to fine-tune movement

A

dopamine

40
Q

[neurotransmitter]

action of dopamine in D1 receptor

A

activate adenylate cyclase

41
Q

[neurotransmitter]

action of dopamine in D2 receptor

A

inhibit adenylate cyclase

42
Q

increase in D2 can lead to

A

Schizophrenia

43
Q

[neurotransmitter]

produced in the median raphe of the brain stem

A

serotonin

44
Q

[neurotransmitter]

converted to melatonin

A

serotonin

45
Q

[neurotransmitter]

associated with depression

A

serotonin

46
Q

[neurotransmitter]

inhibitory NT, vasodilator

A

nitric oxide

47
Q

[neurotransmitter]

has arginine to citrulline as precursor

A

nitric oxide

48
Q

[neurotransmitter]

___ is degraded before reuptake takes place

A

Ach

49
Q

[neurotransmitter]

dopamine in substantia nigra ___ movement

A

modulates

50
Q

[neurotransmitter]

dopamine in the hypothalamis ____ prolactin

A

inhibit

51
Q

[neurotransmitter]

main inhibitory NT of spinal cord

A

glycine

52
Q

[neurotransmitter]

main inhibitory NT of brain

A

GABA, glutamate

53
Q

[neurotransmitter]

GABAa increases ___ influx

A

Chloride

54
Q

[neurotransmitter]

GABAb increases ___ efflux

A

Potassium

55
Q

[neurotransmitter]

activates NMDA receptor

A

glutamate

56
Q

[neurotransmitter]

formed by the reactive amination of alpha ketoglutarate

A

glutamate

57
Q

[neurotransmitter]

inhibits pain perception

A

opioid peptide

58
Q

[neurotransmitter]

involved in fast pain and slow pain

A

glutamate

substance P

59
Q

[neurotransmitter]

locus ceruleus produces

A

NE

60
Q

[neurotransmitter]

phenylalanine derivatives

A 
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
L-dopamine
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
T3/T4
Melanin

Pare True Love Does Noe Exist To Me

61
Q

[neurotransmitter receptors]

Metabotropic receptors utilizes these second messengers

A

IP3/DAG or cAMP

62
Q

[neurotransmitter receptors]

Examples of metabotropic receptor

A

GABAb, neurokinin, opioid receptor

63
Q

[neurotransmitter receptors]

examples of ion-channel linked receptor

A

GABAa, nicotinic receptor, NMDA receptor, Glycine receptor, ANP receptor, 5HT3 receptor

64
Q

[neurotransmitter receptors]

Ligand of GABAa

A

Cl

65
Q

[neurotransmitter receptors]

Ligand of nicotinic receptor

A

Na, K

66
Q

[neurotransmitter receptors]

Ligand of NMDA receptor

A

Ca

67
Q

[neurotransmitter receptors]

Ligand of glycine receptor

A

Cl

68
Q

[neurotransmitter receptors]

analgesia, diuresis, sedation, meiosis, dysphoria

A

kappa

69
Q

[neurotransmitter receptors]

site of action of morphone

A

Mu receptor

70
Q

[neurotransmitter receptors]

analgesia, respiratory depression, constipation, euphoria, sedation, meiosis, increased GH, prolactin

A

Mu

71
Q

[neurotransmitter receptors]

highest affinity for Mu receptors

A

endorphin

72
Q

[neurotransmitter receptors]

highest affinity for kappa receptors

A

enkephalin

73
Q

[neurotransmitter receptors]

highest affinity for delta receptors

A

dynorphin

Physiology (47 decks)

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