Science in research

Question 1

Cause and effect

Answer 1

Where research can show one factor causes a change in behaviour

Question 2

How can we ensure the results show cause and effect?

Answer 2

If a study has control over extraneous variables
And is standardised for all participants
And the study has been repeated

Question 3

Deduction

Answer 3

To make a logical conclusion based on irrefutable proof

Question 4

Induction

Answer 4

The concept of:
Observation
Provide a theory based on this

Question 5

Hypothesis testing

Answer 5

Once a theory has been made based on observations
The hypothesis is tested based on empirical research (experiments, self report etc)

Question 6

Manipulation of variables

Answer 6

The independent variable must be manipulated so we can compare the findings if it’s present (experimental condition) or not present (control)

Question 7

Standardisation

Answer 7

Keeping the test conditions the same for all participants to control situation variables and environmental factors

Question 8

How are tests standardised?

Answer 8

Use standard apparatus
standard instructions
Standard procedures
Standard location
Kept constant but not controlled

Question 9

Replicability

Answer 9

To be able to repeat and so support or refute the findings from another piece of research
Due to controlled settings and standardised procedures

Question 10

Controls

Answer 10

To control extraneous variables to be clear on a cause and effect relationship so we are sure IV effects DV

Question 11

Quantifiable measurements

Answer 11

Using quantitative data which is observable and objective and not based on behaviour which cannot be observed

Question 12

Objectivity

Answer 12

To prevent personal theories + expectations to cloud judgment in research so no bias
So avoiding personal interpretations

Question 13

Falsification

Answer 13

The ability to prove a claim wrong by assuming other explanations and testing them