Methodological issues

Question 1

Validity

Answer 1

The idea of ensuring research measures what it aims to measure, the study is ACCURATE
Making sure it measures how the IV affects the DV

Question 2

Validity can fall under what categories?

Answer 2

Internal
External

Question 3

Internal validity

Answer 3

Whether the test itself accurately measures what it intends to

Question 4

Internal validity has what types of validity under it?

Answer 4

Face validity
Concurrent validity
Criterion validity
Construct validity

Question 5

Construct validity

Answer 5

Ensuring the study measures what the researcher says it’s measuring and not measuring an extraneous variables’ affect (environmental or participant variables)

Question 6

Face validity

Answer 6

How accurately the research looks to be testing what it’s meant to test at face value

Question 7

Criterion validity

Answer 7

How much one measure predicts the value of future performance/ behaviour in a different test

Question 8

Concurrent validity

Answer 8

When a test/research gives the same results as another study/ measuring device which is measuring same behaviour or concept

Question 9

External validity

Answer 9

Whether research can be generalised to different people or situations

Question 10

External validity has what types of validity fall under it?

Answer 10

Population validity
Ecological validity

Question 11

Ecological validity

Answer 11

Considers whether the experiment resembles real life so participants show naturalistic behaviour to how someone would act irl
Ensures we are measuring how real people act

Question 12

Population validity

Answer 12

How accurately the test or study measures behaviour in the general population
Thus can be generalised to the rest of the population

Question 13

The benefit of ensuring a study is ecologically valid?

Answer 13

So behaviour is naturalistic and can therefore be translated to real life

Question 14

What is the benefit of ensuring a study is population validity?

Answer 14

Ensures we can measure how the rest of population may respond

Question 15

What is the benefit of ensuring a study has construct validity?

Answer 15

So the research is an actual measure of what it set out to measure

Question 16

Social desirability bias

Answer 16

When participants behave in a way which is based on society’s norms to appear as a better person

Question 17

Demand characteristics

Answer 17

Bias in research caused by participants guessing the aim of the study and increase pd behaviour accordingly to aid the researcher

Question 18

Reliability

Answer 18

Refers to consistency of research and findings: if it shows a consistent effect

Question 19

Internal reliability

Answer 19

If the research is reliable within the study by the variables consistently measuring the same concepts
And having a large enough sample to show consistent effect

Question 20

External reliability

Answer 20

How a test can be repeated over time to give consistent results because the procedure has been standardised so it is replicable

Question 21

Observer bias

Answer 21

When observers can project their own interpretations when observing behaviour so it is measured subjectively than objectively

Question 22

Inter rater reliability

Answer 22

2 observers rate and observe the same behaviour which their scores are correlated to decrease subjectivity
Inter rater reliability over 80 = good

Question 23

How can we make sure a study is ecologically valid?

Answer 23

Conduct experiment in the field (real life setting)
Complete task usually done in real life

Question 24

Split half reliability

Answer 24

(Survey) Compare the results of questions of one half of the study to results of questions of other half of study
To ensure that they are consistent in their results

Question 25

Test-retest reliability

Answer 25

When we repeat the study on the same participants later on to ensure we obtain consistent results from last time