Unit 2 section C test Flashcards
Outline what __ is and how it applies to this article
Accurate definition of x
Link to article
Include evidence of article: direct quote
Explain and elaborate on how this is linked
Outline what the social area of psychology is
Social area aims to understand how our behaviour is influenced by the presence of others, thus the social environments we are in
How does the social area of psychology link to this article?
The article is linked because cultural norms affect someone’s social environment which affects someone’s behaviour (social area of psych)
evidence of article to social area of psychology
Despite the benefits of eating insects, ‘many westerners… find the idea of it disgusting’
Elaboration of why social area relates to this article
Because westerners are in social environments where eating insects is not the norm, they are likely to refuse to eat them despite there being no logic behind it, because they are influenced by their social environments and culture
Explain the research by __ is high in reliability
Strength point
Evidence from the article/study
Elaboration
How is White’s study high in reliability?
High in reliability because white used a large sample and thus could determine a consistent effect in whether people who had neophobia would eat the cricket
Evidence that White’s study had a large sample
Used 103 students
Elaboration of why White’s study was reliable
Using a large population can prove consistency across the participants results in whether they are the cricket, to ensure results obtained weren’t a result of flukes
How is White’s study low in validity?
Low in population validity thus not representative of Americans (from a western culture)’s attitudes to eating insects
Evidence for why White’s study is low in validity
Using only a sample of students means that people of lower classes who are not students are not represented in the sample. And also there could be limited age ranges, as children or older generations are not included
Elaboration of why White’s study is low in validity
If the sample is not representative of these demographics thus the results are not an accurate measurement of why neophobia influences westerners aversion to eat insects
Describe Freud’s study
1) Freuds aim
2) freuds data, research method and Case study
3) Freuds analysis of data and how it relates to his theory + psychosexual stage of development
4) Conclusions
5) How study links to article
Freuds aim
To help Little hans overcome his phobia
To provide evidence of his theory of psychosexual development
Freuds sample and research method
1 2 year old from Vienna, Austria who was the son of Freuds previous patients
A case study where Hans father sent weekly reports of Hans phobias, fantasies and dreams for Freud to analyse: rich qualitative data
Freuds stages of psychosexual development
Oral stage
Anal stage
Phallic stage -Oedipus complex
Latency stage
Genital stage
Freud’s interpretation
Hans phobia of horses was actually a phobia of his father, which was an unconscious fear due to entering the Oedipus complex: jealousy of his father’s relationship to mother
How is the Freuds study linked to article?
Article mentions how the main driving force behind why Participants didn’t eat insects is due to their phobia of novel foods, which Freud would suggest is down to unconscious feelings which is why they are adverse to this
Suggest 2 ways in which people could be encouraged to try eating food with insects
1) Suggestion
2) How it could be applied
3) Relevant psych evidence
4) Explain why it works
Suggestion 1 = social learning theory
People would observe influential celebrities who advocate for healthy eating (such as Joe Wicks) and for sustainability (such as David Attenborough) eating insect based foods
How suggestion 1 could be applied
Begin an advert campaign across social media sites (instagram) and the TV of these figures eating insect based foods
Relevant psych experience for suggestion 1
Suggestion is based on social learning theory which claims people will imitate behaviours of role models after observing the behaviour. Shown in Bandura’s study where children observed adult blah blah
How would suggestion 1 work?
Attenborough seen as a role model for the public in terms of sustainability, so observing his behaviour would cause the public to imitate choosing insect based foods as a result
(Repeat for Wicks)
Suggestion 2 = operant conditioning
A way to encourage people to buy insect food products is for companies to offer rewards as part or a reward scheme every time you buy their product
Suggestion 2 how it could be applied
Companies selling insect food design an app where every time you buy food from them, you scan the product. This can accumulate points which you can cash in for prizes such as cooking utensils/ recipe books
Suggestion 2 relevant psych experience
This is a form of positive reinforcement from the behaviourist theory of operant conditioning, where it states desired behaviour can be increased by rewarding people with something pleasant.
Based on chaney’s study in which medical compliance was increased in children by designing funhaler
Why would suggestion 2 work?
Because people are being rewarded with points and thus material prizes every time they buy insect products, this increases insect eating behaviour in westerners
Evaluation of suggestion 2: usefulness
Furthermore, the creation of apps is common thus this is feasible
Can be evaluated in terms of usefulness, companies are profit driven so by creating a scheme which encourages the purchase of their products,
However there may be reluctance in terms of giving out rewards, as this could reduce company profits
Evaluation of suggestion 2: sampling bias
In relation to sampling bias, this may not be effective in convincing older generations who don’t have access to the app and are not aware of this scheme As a result, they would not be included in the sample of people this campaign
Evaluation of suggestion 1: individual vs situational explanations
Dependent on individual differences of people’s opinions on the celebrities listed or the issues of fitness and sustainability, people may not view the celebrities as role models not be considered role models
Evaluation of suggestion 1: ethnocentrism
Celebrities such as David Attenborough + Joe wicks may be well known in the uk but even in other western cultures such as the US, they may be less well known thus not act as role models.
