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A level psychology > Ergonomics > Flashcards

Ergonomics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are ergonomics?

A

Design of architecture, rooms, tools, furniture or gadgets etc to ensure a user doesn’t experience:
Physical discomfort eg back pain, eye strain
Cognitive discomfort eg overloading attention

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2
Q

Key research

A

Drews and Doig

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3
Q

Outline of Drews and Doig’s experiment

A

Design and evaluate a new screen in intensive care units displaying patient’s vitals to help nurses quickly and accurately detect a patient’s condition compared to traditional ICU screens

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4
Q

Traditional ICU displays in Drews and Doig’s study

A

Information for patients immediate blood pressure, heart rate and oxygenation of blood is in numerical display
To access data showing trend of this info, a single key press is required

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5
Q

New CVS display design in Drews and Doig’s study

A

Graphical displays of vitals: one showing trend of vitals over 8 hours
and one known as current state object (CSO) which is another graph display of maximum/minimum vital readings over past 1 hour
Numerical displays

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6
Q

‘Current state object’ in Drews and Doig’s study

A

Grey rectangle’s boundaries show normal highest/lowest HR + BP
Solid White rectangle to show max/min patients vitals over 1 hour
Coloured (based on oxygen saturation) rectangle to show current vital reading

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7
Q

Does the new CVS display require pressing any key?

A

No all information is presented on one screen: graphical trend etc

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8
Q

Sample in Drews and Doig’s study

A

42 nurses with min 1 year working in ICU
More women than men
Large age range

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9
Q

Sample in Drews and Doig’s study

A

42 nurses with min 1 year working in ICU
More women than men
Large age range

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10
Q

Main procedure of Drews and Doig

A

Present patients with 4 fake scenarios of patients vitals eg septic shock
Half presented via traditional display, half on new display
Have 5 mins to verbalise assessment of patient data and make decision

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11
Q

Main procedure of Drews and Doig

A

Present patients with 4 fake scenarios of patients vitals eg septic shock
Half presented via traditional display, half on new display
Have 5 mins to verbalise assessment of patient data and make decision

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12
Q

IV of Drews and Doig?

A

Data displayed on traditional ICU display
Or on new display

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13
Q

Dependent variable of Drews and Doig

A

Time taken for nurse to verbalise assessment
Accuracy of nurse’s assessment
Nurse’s mental demand when completing task

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14
Q

How did we measure the nurse’s mental demand required when completing the tasks in Drews and Doig’s study?

A

Give a survey to the nurses after completing the task

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15
Q

Results in Drews and Doig for identifying septic shock?

A

48% quicker response rate when given new display compared to trad display
1/3 more accurate using new display relative to trad display

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16
Q

Results in Drews and Doig for mental demand of nurses?

A

Significantly lower mental demand using graphical, new display relative to trad display

17
Q

Conclusion of Drews and Doig?

A

Presenting nurses with patients vitals in graphical trend vs numerical data leads to quicker and more accurate diagnosis

18
Q

Additional studies

A

Miller - short term memory and chunking
The Hawthorne studies
Higuer-Trujillo - colour of class walls
Brown and Poulton - secondary task performance

19
Q

Miller’s theory on short term memory

A

Previous research said STM exists as the first stage in storing long term memory
Miller days people can hold from 5 to 9 pieces of info in STM

20
Q

Miller’s theory on chunking

A

If we chunk info into units and related to something meaningful to us we can remember large amounts of info in the 7 pieces

21
Q

Who did the Hawthorne studies?

A

Mayo NOT HAWTHORNE

22
Q

Hawthorne studies aim

A

Investigate impact of physical environment on productivity of workers at Hawthorne factory plant of electric company that makes lightbulbs
By changing light level

23
Q

Results of Hawthorne studies

A

Any change in light levels lead to increased productivity of factory workers because they knew they were being observed

24
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

When people change their behaviour from their naturalistic behaviour because they are aware they are being observed

25
Q

Higuera-Trujillo aim

A

Investigate the affect of colour of classroom walls on memory and attention using VR classroom

26
Q

Higuera-Trujillo sample

A

80 Spanish Uni students half male, half female

27
Q

Higuera-Trujillo procedure

A

Have Ps wear VR headset in class where they complete a memory and cognitive task, manipulating colour of walls each time to see which colour had best performance

28
Q

Best colour walls, performance wise in Higuera-Trujillo

A

Purple

29
Q

What is cognitive overload theory?

A

The idea that there is a limit on the number of items in the environment that can be paid attention to, this creates cognitive demand

30
Q

How can we measure cognitive overload?

A

Secondary task performance, eg how well someone performs on a secondary task while completing a primary task
We can measure the spare capacity someone has left over in terms of how well they do on the primary task

31
Q

Who used secondary task performance to measure cognitive overload?

A

Brown and Poulton

32
Q

Brown and Poulton’s primary task

A

Have participants drive a car in a crowded car park with many cognitive outputs vs one with few (quiet residential area) this is the primary task of driving

33
Q

Brown and Poulton secondary task

A

Listen to tape and identify the numbers moving from one sequence to next

34
Q

What did brown and Poulton find out?

A

Worse performance on secondary task in the crowded shopping centre as there were more cognitive inputs so less mental capacity left over for the secondary task

35
Q

Why do we learn about cognitive overload in terms of ergonomics?

A

Design of products/rooms should focus on not overloading user with cognitive inputs: too much too pay attention to

36
Q

Why do we learn about memory in terms of ergonomics?

A

Having better short term memory storage means less mental demand thus less cognitive overload when experiencing the workplace

A level psychology (54 decks)

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