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Moving Exam 3 > SA Ortho - Bone Tumors > Flashcards

SA Ortho - Bone Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

75% of all bone tumors are

A

Osteosarcoma

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2
Q

Distribution of osteosarcomas

A

25% axial skeleton
75% appendicular

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3
Q

Why is the metaphysis the common location for osteosarcomas ?

A

Large presence of mesenchymal stem cells

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4
Q

Directions that osteosarcomas occur

A

Away from elbow, toward stifle

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5
Q

Distal and proximal locations for osteosarcomas

A

Distal radius
Proximal humerus

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6
Q

Which limb is more likely to develop osteosarcoma

A

Front limb 2x more likely

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7
Q

Needles used for bone biopsies

A

Michele trephine (mm)
Jamshidi needle (gauges)

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8
Q

What percentage of biopsies reveals the proper diagnoses

A

93.8%

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9
Q

Prognosis for osteosarcomas

A

Horrible
Median survival is 3-4 months w amputation
Dogs < 5 years = worse
(Don’t introduce to owner until evidence is gathered)

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10
Q

Size & difficulties of biopsies

A

Small sample - bone doesn’t receive general anesthesia, procedure is very painful

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11
Q

Adjunctive therapy

A

Cisplatin
Carboplatin

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12
Q

Survival with Cisplatin

A

Median survival > 1 year (393d)
52% 1 year survival
31% 2 year survival
Myelosuppression & renal tox

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13
Q

Survival with Carboplatin

A

Median survival < 1 year (321d)
35.4% @1 year
No saline diuresis needed

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14
Q

Surgical treatment

A

Amputation or removal

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15
Q

Requirements to perform a tumor /limb sparing removal

A

Tumor confined to limb
<50% of bone affected by tumor
Distal radius or ulna is best

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16
Q

Time frame for new bone growth post bone graft

A

Periosteal in 2 weeks

17
Q

Bridging callus begins at what stage post op

A

4 weeks

18
Q

What happens at 8 weeks post op

A

Graft united to proximal radius and radiocarpal bone

19
Q

What occurs at 3 months post op

A

Graft hypertrophy

20
Q

Rare but diagnosis for visible air in joints on radio

A

Acute osteomyelitis
Anaerobic bacteria = gas producing

21
Q

Common bacteria associated with chronic osteomyelitis

A

S. Pseudintermedius
S. Aureus

22
Q

Sequestrum

A

Fragment of necrotic bone that didn’t live/heal post op

23
Q

Involucrum

A

Fluid surrounding necrotic bone

24
Q

Cloaca

A

Draining tract from necrotic bone

Moving Exam 3 (34 decks)

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