Anatomy - PL Of EQ

Question 1

Location of pelvic chestnuts

Answer 1

Distal to tarsus
May be absent
Smaller in mules, absent in donkeys

Question 2

Chestnuts are land marks for

Answer 2

Origin of suspensory ligament

Question 3

Difference between forelimb chestnuts and hindlimb

Answer 3

Carpal chestnut is proximal to carpus
Tarsal chestnut is distal to tarsus

Question 4

Ergot function

Answer 4

In motion, fetlock joint sinks and cushions
Two ligaments (ergot lig) extend cranial distally and feed into digital fascia

Question 5

Clinical significance of ergot ligaments

Answer 5

Can cut nerve supply - medial and plantar digital n
Can be mistaken for nerves, ligs are superficial to nerves
(Have shiny silvery appearance)

Question 6

Hamstring muscles in horses

Answer 6

Biceps femoris (3head, patellar, tibial, )
Semi tendinous and membranous
Each muscle has two heads of origin : vertebral & pelvic head

Question 7

Vertebral heads origin

Answer 7

Sacrum, sacrotuberus lig, caudal vertebra

Question 8

Innervation of vertebral heads on hamstring muscles

Answer 8

Caudal gluteal n

Question 9

Origin of pelvic heads of hamstring

Answer 9

Ischial tuber

Question 10

Innervation of pelvic heads of hamstring

Answer 10

Sciatic nerve

Question 11

Trochanteric bursitis

Answer 11

Located deep to tendon of insertion of MGlute & cranial part of greater trochanter
- could be secondary to problems in the hock

Question 12

Fasciae planes & Compartmental syndrome progression

Answer 12

Pressure & compression on deep fascia sheath
Thin walls collapse
Blood continues flow in arteries
Muscle swells within fasciae sheath
Muscle anoxia & necrosis

Question 13

When does compartmental syndrome occur

Answer 13

When animal is in lateral recumbancy

Question 14

Areas deep fascia restrict blood flow to

Answer 14

Gluteal muscles
Antebrachial muscles (radial paralysis)
Masseter

Question 15

Ways to avoid compartment syndrome

Answer 15

Massaging glutes, antebrachial & masseter muscles during surgery

Question 16

Sublumbar muscle group

Answer 16

Psoas minor & major
Iliacus
Iliopsoas - strong flexor of hip jt
Quadratus lumborum - ventral to transverse process of lumbar vertebrae

Question 17

Lameness due to Sublumbar muscle

Answer 17

Iliopsoas can cause lameness in horse, diagnose by palpating muscle rectally & eliciting signs of pain

Question 18

Muscles of crus

Answer 18

Long digital extensor - ext digits, flexes hock
Lateral digital extensor
Short digital extensor

Question 19

Extensor retinacula contain

Answer 19

Proximal extensor retinaculum (crural/tibial)
Middle extensor retinaculum (tarsal)
Distal extensor retinaculum (MT)

Question 20

Tenectomy procedure for stringhalt

Answer 20

2 cutes
1 - proximal @ musculo-tendinous junction of lateral digital extensor
2 - prior to union with long digital extensor tendon

Question 21

Reciprocal apparatus

Answer 21

Includes SDF and Peroneus tertius between the stifle/hock
Prevents stifle flexion & simultaneous ext of hock

Question 22

Cunean tendon

Answer 22

Medial branch of the cranial tibial muscle
Important for relieving OA in area or bursitis or bone spavin

Question 23

Location of subtenditious calcanean bursa

Answer 23

Within the SDF muscle

Question 24

Calcanean bursae

Answer 24

Sub tendinous bursa - constant between gastroc & SDF
Subcutaneous bursa - induced, inflammed= capped hock

Question 25

Pouches of talocrural synovial sac

Answer 25

Large Dorso medial pouch - easily punctured = bogus spavin Medio-plantar & latero-plantar pouches

Question 26

Thoroughpin

Answer 26

Inflammation/distension of synovial sheath of DDFT

Question 27

Structures within tarsal canal

Answer 27

DDFT Medial plantar VAN Lateral plantar VAN

Question 28

Pelvic limb arteries - equine

Answer 28

External iliac Femoral - saphenous a Popliteal < caudal tibial < cranial tibial - dorsal pedal - dorsal metatarsal III

Question 29

How arteries travel on Eq

Answer 29

Laterally instead of deep and medially

Question 30

Main arteries in equine pes

Answer 30

Dorsal pedal - perforating tarsal - anatomoses saphenous - < great MT & med & lat plantar /MT - medial & lateral plantar digital a

Question 31

Veins in pelvic limb

Answer 31

Deep veins parallel arteries w same name Medial saph vein crosses cunean tendon

Question 32

Fibular nerve path

Answer 32

Sciatic Fibular - lateral cutaneous sural < superficial branch - LDF < deep branch - med & lat dorsal MT

Question 33

Tibial nerve path

Answer 33

Sciatic Tibial -> incoming caudomedial mm of Crus

Question 34

Nerve supply for proximal muscles

Answer 34

Vert heads of hamstring - caudal gluteal PAGE - obturator Quadriceps femoris - femoral Sartorius - saphenous Skin - ^^

Question 35

What nerve supplies a singular muscle ?

Answer 35

Superficial peroneal nerve supplies the lateral digital extensor muscle

Question 36

Tibial nerve

Answer 36

Runs between calcanean tendon & DDFT (medial aspect) Innervates caudal crural mm < into med & lat plantar

Question 37

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

Answer 37

Pass through tarsal canal, run in the groove between flexor tendon & suspensory ligament Communicating branch between med & lat branch can be absent