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Moving Exam 3 > LA Ortho - Hindlimb Lameness > Flashcards

LA Ortho - Hindlimb Lameness Flashcards

1
Q

Tarsus
# of compartments

A

Numerous articulations
4 synovial compartments
Numerous ligaments

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2
Q

Radio views for the tarsus

A

Lateromedial
Dorsopalmar
DLPMO
DMPLLO

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3
Q

Causes for tarsocrural joint effusions

A

Idiopathic
Synovitis/capsulitis
Conformation
Osteochondrosis
Fracture
Desmitis
Septic arthritis
“Bog spavin”

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4
Q

Calcaneal bursitis

A

Aka capped hock
Swelling of sub q or sub tendon bursa

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5
Q

Synovitis of tarsal sheath

A

Idiopathic effusion of tarsal sheath
Swelling cranial to point of hock
Typically asymptomatic
Requires no treatment

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6
Q

Thoroughpin

A

Synovitis of tarsal sheath

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7
Q

Treatment for thoroughpin

A

Cryotherapy
Rest
IA meds
HA, IRAP serum, Cortsteroids
Arthroscopic surgery
Antimicrobials if septic

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8
Q

OA in Tarsometatarsal & distal intertarsal joints

A

Tibiotarsal & proximal intertarsal NOT involved
Usually due to wear & tear
Repeated compression/rotation
Poor conformation

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9
Q

Therapeutic goal for TMT and distal IT joints

A

Pain relief/ recovery of soundness
Not cartilage preservation - want to remove cartilage
Can get away with the removal of cartilage bc
- low motion joints
- slow disease progression
- joint fusion is the goal

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10
Q

Medical treatment for TMT & distal IT joints

A

Want the joint to get worse which will help the joint get better - keep them comfortable to keep them working
Corrective shoes
NSAIDS, Cortsteroids
HA
PSGAG
Nutraceuticals

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11
Q

Arthrodesis
Surgical/chemical

A

Surgical - drill across joint space
Chemical - 70% ethyl alcohol = protein destruction

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12
Q

Clinical presentation for ligament injury

A

Synovial effusion
Soft tissue swelling

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13
Q

Curb

A

Injury to the plantar ligament

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14
Q

Tarsal luxation

A

Due to trauma
Acute severe lameness, ST swelling, instability
Radiographs @ stressed views

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15
Q

Treating a tarsal luxation

A

Full limb cast (foot to stifle)
Internal fixation if fractures

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16
Q

Prognosis for tarsal luxation

A

Pasture joint - fair to poor
Depends on degree of lig damage

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17
Q

Stifle
# of compartments
Ligs involved

A

3 synovial compartments
- femoropatellar
- lateral & medial femorotibial
Collateral ligs
Patellar ligs
Menisci
Cruciate ligs

18
Q

Causes for stifle effusion

A

Idiopathic
Synovitis /capsulitis
Osteochondrosis
Fracture
Soft tissue injury
Septic arthritis

19
Q

OA development in stifle

A

Chronic use - high motion joint
Trauma
Meniscal tears
Cruciate tear
Joint instability
Untreated OCD

20
Q

Prognosis for OA in stifle

A

Depends on cartilage damage, bone remodeling, joints involved, ST damage, progression

21
Q

OCD in general

A

Most common clinical sign - synovial effusion
Degree of lameness (often in young horses)
Flexion test - mild positive
Radiograph bilaterally

22
Q

common sites for ODC in tarsus

A

Distal intermediate ridge of tibia
Lateral trochlear ridge of talus
Medial trochlear ridge of talus
Medial + lateral maleoli of tibia

23
Q

Prognosis of OCD

A

Depends of severity of cartilage damage & bone remodeling
Age @ treatment/duration - better if treated arthroscopically at young age

24
Q

Prognosis % of ODC

A

77% return to racing when fragments are surgically removed
Resolution of synovial effusion 74-83% resolve

25
Q

Upward patellar fixation

A

Young developing horses, minis, ponies, Donkeys
Intermittent - Mild catching of patella during flexing, self correcting
Permanent - severe lameness, unable to manually correct

26
Q

Diagnosing for UPF

A

Clinical signs and signalment is very obvious

27
Q

Pathophys of UPF

A

Problem w releasing the passive stay apparatus
Muscles could be developing too slow for how quickly the skeleton is growing

28
Q

Role of quadriceps femoris in UPF

A

Quadriceps fem is under conditioned & unable to lift patella up/off the medial trochlear ridge of femur to release stay apparatus

29
Q

Intermittent UPF treatment

A

Modify training to target quadriceps femoris
Inject counter irritants into medial patellar lig
- creating a controlled amt of inflammation, promotes scar tissue formation

30
Q

Surgical approach for UPF

A

Desmoplasty
Split the medial pat lig
Stimulate growth, lay down new collagen

31
Q

Prognosis for UPF

A

Good but depends on
Response to conserv therapy
Response to MPL splitting
MPL desmotomy - last resort, will develop OA

32
Q

Stringhalt forms

A

Classic (idiopathic) - often unilateral
Australian form - due to dandelion ingestion - bilateral

33
Q

Characteristic gaits w stringhalt

A

Observe at walk or trot
Involuntary /exaggerated flexion of one or both hind limbs
Limb jerked upwards in cranial phase of stride

34
Q

Diagnosing stringhalt

A

Observe exaggeration in gait
Presence of toxic dandelions and evidence of lack of forage

35
Q

Treatment & prognosis of stringhalt

A

Prevent ingestion of dandelions (50-78% spontaneously recover)
Lateral digital extensor myotenectomy
Cut muscle proximally & tendon distally (leaving the long digital extensor)

36
Q

Shivers - clin signs

A

Gradually progressive, chronic neuromuscular disease
Results in gait abnormalities when backing or working on hind feet, trembling tail when held erect, trembling of thigh muscles (shivers), flexed & trembling hind

37
Q

Diagnosing shivers

A

Differentiate from string halt
Commonly found in draft horses
No treatment and prognosis is variable

38
Q

Fibrotic myopathy - diagnosis

A

Traumatic etiology - sliding stops, sharp turns on hind
Palpable fibrosis of Semitendinosus (membranous)
Abrupt cessation of cranial phase of stride of effected limb
Foot jerked caudally just before it hits the ground

39
Q

Treatment and prognosis for fibrotic myopathy

A

Semitendinosus tenotomy
Cut tendon of insertion of medial side of leg, displaces loading more freely
Few surgical complications, improvement is to a variable extent

40
Q

Ruptured gastrocnemius muscle

A

Depends on partial or complete - inability to fix stay apparatus
Treat w stall rest & stabilization
Foals - favorable prognosis
Adults - poor for complete ruptures

41
Q

Ruptured peroneus tertius muscle

A

Diagnosis - abilit to extend tarsus while stifle is flexed
Stall rest - 6 weeks, controlled exercise 3 months
78% return to previous exercise, 21% euthanized

Moving Exam 3 (34 decks)

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