Radiology - Pelvic Limb Flashcards
LCPD occurrence
Unilateral
4-11 months
Small breeds
Poodle, terriers min pin
Pathogenesis of LCPD
Due to decreased blood supply to femoral head (epiphysis)
Blood supply to femoral head
Synovial membrane (for skeletally immature)
Arteries in round ligament of head of femur
Nutrient vessels via metaphysis (after closure)
Appearance of femoral head in LCPD
Normal - regular blood flow through
Ischemia - no blood present in head
Repair - minimal blood flow restored
Radiograph signs of LCPD
Small/irregular femoral head
Increased joint space
Secondary remodeling/DJD
Significant muscle atrophy
Normal hip anatomy
Acetabulum
Deeply formed, cup shaped w sharp cranial acetabular rim and dorsal acetabular edges
What % of femoral head should be covered by acetabular rim?
50%
Hip rotation to right
<acetabular>acetabular coverage L
</acetabular>
Hip rotation to left appearance
> acetabular coverage R
<acetabular coverage L
Formations on radio - signs of CHD
Thickening of femoral head
Osteophytes and enthesophyte formation
Sclerosis
What comes first w CHD
Laxity in joints —-> joint disease
Earliest sign of DJD in hips
Morgan Line
Sclerotic line near femoral neck/head
Secondary impacts of DJD /sclerosis
Femoral neck will straighten with remodeling
(Cervicofemoral angle)
Extended standard view of pelvis
Pull legs down & rotate inward
Femurs need to be parallel
Open colli at or to include the entire pelvis & both femora through stifle
OFA grades
Excellent
Good
Fair
(Failing grades - mild moderate severe)
Submitted views for PennHIP
Hip extended view
Compressed radio - some degree of flexion w femoral heads pushed inward
Distracted radio - pressure applied to extract femoral heads, can view degree of laxity
DI measurement
Between 0.0-1.0
DI near 0 indicates
Little joint lax = very tight hips
DI closer to 1.0
Indicates a high degree of laxity = very loose hips
Fun fact abt tighter hips
Dogs with tighter hips are less likely to develop hip dysplasia than dogs w loose hips
Two certification methods for diagnosing hip dysplasia
OFA
PennHIP
Function of cranial cruciate disease
CCL prevents displacemtn of tibia
Limits internal roatation of tibia & prevents hyperextension of the stifle
CCD swelling
Intracapsular swelling (effusion or synovial proliferation)
Can displace infrapatellar fat pad
Can displace facial planes caudal to joint
Common direction of CCD
Tibia will displace cranially
Patellar luxation features
Congenital /traumatic
Medial - usually congenital in small dogs
Lateral - usually traumatic in big dogs
MPL
Pat is medial to trochlear groove
Coxa vara
Lateral bowing of distal femur
Medial bowing of proximal tibia
MPL secondary bone modulation
Displace tibial crest
Shallow trochlear groove
Secondary OA
Common distribution of MPL
Bilateral
