La Ortho - Bovine Anatomy/disease

Question 1

CHD + damaged structures

Answer 1

Claw horn disruption (subclinical laminitis)
Suspensory apparatus, digital cushion, horn producing epidermis

Question 2

CHD can lead to

Answer 2

Predisposes the claw to development of
Hemorrhages (vascular disruption) of horn
Hardship grooves (horizontal fissures)
Sole ulcers
Separation of white line (WLD)

Question 3

Non-infectious lesions risk factors

Answer 3

Risk factors that don’t change: time of year, gestation, stage of lactation, previous disease, parity, genetics & age
Risk factors that can change: animal comfort, flooring, hygiene, social integration, animal flow, nutrition

Question 4

Sole ulcers risk factors

Answer 4

CHD or subacute laminitis
Lack of proper claw balance /length
Hard abrasive surfaces
Excessive weight bearing (standing)

Question 5

Non infectious claw lesions : sole ulcers

Answer 5

Failure of suspending /supporting structures
-mechanical
-metabolic
=dislocation of pedal bone, damage to corium

Question 6

Treating sole ulcers

Answer 6

Boots
Removing necrotic tissue
Glue on uneffected side acts like a high heel
Placement is important for pressure displacement

Question 7

Preventing sole ulcers

Answer 7

Regular foot trimming
Trim diary 2x a year
Improve comfort - reduce standing time
Optimize nutrition & decrease metabolic disease
Correct walking surface

Question 8

White line disease

Answer 8

Not laminitis
Separation of the white line secondary to structural weakening of WL
Risk: mechanical injury, poor horn quality

Question 9

Preventing WLD

Question 10

Thin soles

Question 11

Toe ulcers

Question 12

Corkscrew claw

Question 13

CSc can result in

Question 14

Sand cracks

Question 15

Horizontal fissure

Question 16

Corn

Question 17

Black leg

Question 18

Black leg

Question 19

Black leg

Question 20

Black leg

Question 21

Black leg

Question 22

Downer cows

Question 23

Calving paralysis

Answer 23

Damage to obturator nerve can occur during birth or due to a large calf in a small pelvic cavity

Question 24

Injuries that can occur with calving paralysis

Answer 24

Pressure ischemia over lateral stifle region
Hyper flexion of hock
Dislocated hip (coxo-femoral lux)

Question 25

Peroneal nerve paralysis

Answer 25

Slightly less severe condition from damage to obturator nerve, often can still stand
Pressure ischemia over lateral stifle region
Hyper flexion of hock

Question 26

Compartmental syndrome

Answer 26

Bovine secondary recumbency
Compression induced ischemia = damage to muscles and nerves (thigh of hind limbs)

Question 27

Things lost in compartmental syndrome

Answer 27

Constriction of venous / lymph drainage, arterial BF
Increases interstitial fluid volume + pressure in muscle
Muscle fascia cannot expand to accomdiate increase in fluids = muscle necrosis, edema, severe swelling

Question 28

Time is critical in compartmental syndrome because ….

Answer 28

> 24 hours prognosis goes down significantly

Question 29

Clinical signs for compartment syndrome

Question 30

Diagnostic enzymes for compartmental syndrome

Question 31

Cow float tank