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Moving Exam 3 > LA Ortho - Lamenss In Cattle > Flashcards

LA Ortho - Lamenss In Cattle Flashcards

1
Q

Why is there a higher incidence of lameness in dairy cattle?

A

Housing, inside on concrete, varying diet

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2
Q

Within sectors of beef cattle why do feedlot experience more lameness?

A

Experience more confinement and indoor flooring

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3
Q

Housing types for dairy cattle

A

Bedded pack
Tie stall barn
Free stall barn

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4
Q

How long should dairy cows spend laying down?

A

12-14 hours

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5
Q

Activities and times cows should experience

A

Eating 3-5 hours
Resting 12-14 hours
Social interactions 2-3 hours
Drinking 0.5 hours
Milking time <3.5 hours - lower milking time = less time stnading

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6
Q

Economic impact of dairy cattle lameness

A

Approx 100-300 per lame cow
17,000/100 cows/year
15-55 cases/100 cows/year
Case fatality ≥2%

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7
Q

Production losses from lameness

A

Decreased milk production - doesn’t eat as much
Decreased fertility (increased days open)
Depressed immune function
Increased labor costs
Increased culling & replacement cost

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8
Q

Impact of lameness in beef cattle

A

Prevalence in 2-16% in feedlot cattle
5% mortality in feedlots
Lame beef cattle make up 70% of all sales of non-performing cattle (cull cattle)
Lame cattle are often sold for 50% or less

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9
Q

Lameness is an animal welfare issue

A

Conditions causing lameness are among the most painful disorders affecting cattle
Prompt recognition and treatment is key
Concern for owner & public

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10
Q

Normal walk for cows

A

Head down, looking right ahead where they place their front feet due to peripheral vision

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11
Q

Why do cows dislike physical contact

A

To avoid higher dominance cows and concentration on where to place their next step

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12
Q

Importance of calm moving

A

Moving along quietly will seldom misplace a foot or step even on a poor surface

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13
Q

observing a cow walk

A

Flat back during gait, stride is equivalent in front and back almost replacing each other,

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14
Q

Weight bearing on limbs

A

Front feet 50-60% of weight
Weight is distributed almost evenly between all 4 feet
Outer claw on hind feet is larger than inner claw due to carrying more weight & circumvention action
Front feet control side to side movement (inner claw is larger than outer claw)

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15
Q

Observations in distant exam

A

BCS and general health
Feet, legs, back posture, head position while standing
Determine affected limbs
Determine lameness score/severity

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16
Q

Evaluation of feet/claws

A

Conformation
Length of the dorsal hoof wall
Heels (high, low)
Claws spread apart
Overlapped or corkscrewed toes
Swelling at claws or coronary band

17
Q

Conformation of the limbs

A

Leg angles
Straight hocks, weak pasterns, sickle hocks

18
Q

Swelling noted anywhere

A

Is it near or over a joint or not?
Consider severity of lameness

19
Q

Other clin signs

A

Clicking, crepitus, reluctant to kick
Any open wounds, abrasions (bacterial joint infection)

20
Q

Examining coronary band

A

Check for symmetric swelling - foot rot
asymmetric swelling - deep infection
how far up does the swelling extend

21
Q

Signs of lameness

A

Reluctant to bear weight
Arched back
Irregular stepping
Poor tracking
Head bobbing
Joint stiffness
Rear leg lateral movement (circumventing)

22
Q

Tools for lameness /trimming box

A

Lariat
Halter/rope
Hoof testers
Nippers
Hoof knives
Wire cutters
Towels
Glue gun
Blocks
Grinders

23
Q

Locomotion or lameness scoring - 1

A

Normal
Stands and walks normally w flat back
Long confident strides

24
Q

Locomotion or lameness scoring - 2

A

Mildly lame
Stand w flat back, arches when walks, slightly abnormal gait

25
Q

Locomotion or lameness scoring -3

A

Moderately lame
Stands and walks w arched back
Short strides

26
Q

Locomotion or lameness scoring -4

A

Arched back standing and walking favors certain leg

27
Q

Locomotion or lameness scoring - 5

A

Severely lame
Constant arched back
Great difficulty moving

28
Q

What lameness score is an exam ideal

A

2 - earliest presentation
Useful for record keeping

29
Q

Animal factors for lameness

A

Genetics, age, production level, behavior, transition problems (3 wks before calving - 3 wks after calving)
Environment
Management (overcrowding)
Infection (systemic disease)
Nutrition

30
Q

Environmental factor

A

Hygiene
Housing - prioritize cow comfort, laying down 12-18 hr/day
Flooring - good traction & minimal wear

31
Q

Management factor

A

Handling & stock
Overcrowding
Transport of cattle
Feeding/bunk management
Frequency of claw trimming (2x/year)
Foot baths

32
Q

Systemic metabolic disease

A

Hypocalcemia
Ketosis
Metritis
Mastitis
Other infectious diseases

33
Q

Nutrition

A

SARA - sub acute rumen acidosis
Mineral insufficiency
Excess protein
Insufficient dietary fiber

Moving Exam 3 (34 decks)

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