LA Ortho - Bovine MS Diseases

Question 1

Lameness in dairy cattle distribution

Answer 1

> 90% in foot
90% in rear feet
65% lateral claw in hind limbs
Rear claws is most common
- Lateral>medial claws
Front feet
- medial is more common

Question 2

Distribution for interdigital /skin lesion seen in what feet

Answer 2

Rear feet

Question 3

Lameness in beef cattle

Answer 3

70% in foot
30% - upper leg problems-stifle injuries, septic arthritis, injection site lesions
Feedlot - most common causes
- foot rot
- digital dermatitis
- toe abscesses
- injuries to upper leg /skeleton

Question 4

Infectious causes for lameness

Answer 4

Heel wart (DD)
Foot rot
Heel erosion

Question 5

Non-infectious causes for lameness (claw lesion)

Answer 5

Sole ulcer
White line disease
Thin soles
Cork screw claw
Wall cracks and fissures

Question 6

Foot rot

Answer 6

Aka: interdigital phlegmon, necrobacillosis
Micro-trauma of interdigital epidermis

Question 7

Prevalence of foot rot in beef/dairy

Question 8

Microbial synergism in foot rot

Answer 8

Fusobacterium necrophorum (major)
Porphyromonas Levii, prevotella (minor)
Trueperella pyogenes can move in = purulent infection

Question 9

Foot rot treatment in cattle

Answer 9

Early detection & treatment
Remove necrotic debris
Systemic antibiotics
-lactating dairy cattle (excenel, excede, ceftiofur)
- beef cattle (oxytetracycline, macrolides)

Question 10

Prevention of foot rot for dairy cattle

Answer 10

Hygiene
Smooth walking surfaces
Footbath use and frequency
Limit walking distances during recovery

Question 11

Digital dermatitis

Answer 11

Heel wart

Question 12

Considerations with digital dermatitis

Answer 12

Highly contagious
Contagions due to weakened skin barrier from mechanical irritation /conformation

Question 13

5 stages of digital dermatitis

Answer 13

M0: no lesion
M1: early, subclinical (epithelial defect)
M2: painful, acute ulcer
M3: healing
M4: chronic/hairy wart
M4.1: chronic reoccurring

Question 14

DD treatment in cattle

Answer 14

Early detection is key for lowest economic loss
Topical antibiotics
Foot baths

Question 15

Prevention for DD

Answer 15

Environmental hygiene
Treating M2 lesions promptly
Foot baths
Micronutrient supplementation - zinc, biotin, copper

Question 16

Heel erosions

Answer 16

Irregular heel horn = horn grooves = loss of horn elasticity
Sole bruising = predisposition to sole ulcers

Question 17

Requirements for foot bath systems

Answer 17

10’ in length, 3’ in width, 6” in depth
Ideal location for bath - outside parlor

Question 18

Solutions for foot bathes

Answer 18

Formalin
Copper sulfate

Question 19

Formalin solution

Answer 19

5% for bathes (3-5% for foot soak, sheep/goat)
Use when >50 degrees F
Most resistant to organic pollution
PPE for health risk
No risk for disposal = turns to water, dissipates in gas

Question 20

Copper sulfate solution

Answer 20

5-10%
Works at freezing temps
Activity decreased w organic debris
Can add Na bisulfate & formalin

Question 21

T/F
Once established in a herd, heifers & 2nd lactation animals are most commonly effected by DD

Answer 21

True

Question 22

T/F
Stachioned cattle are at a greater risk than free stall cattle

Answer 22

False

Question 23

T/F
Common in beef animals, rare in dairy

Answer 23

False

Question 24

T/F
Most heel wart lesions are found on front feet

Answer 24

False

Question 25

T/F
Systemic antibiotics is a better treatment then topical antibiotics

Answer 25

False

Question 26

Sole ulcers

Answer 26

Anywhere on the foot that’s not the white line
Heel skin - heel warts
Interdigital space - foot rot

Question 27

What type of oragaism is treponema

Answer 27

Spirokeet - low oxygen environment
Lyme, borrelia, lepto (also spriokeets)
Can treat w tetracyclines