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Moving Exam 3 > La Ortho - Angular Defomrity > Flashcards

La Ortho - Angular Defomrity Flashcards

1
Q

Valgus deformity

A

Limb deviates laterally
Distal to reference point

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2
Q

Varus deformity

A

Deviates medially
Distal to reference point

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3
Q

ALG causes

A

Perinatal factors
Acquired

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4
Q

Windswept ALD

A

Tarsal valgus and tarsal varus

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5
Q

Perinatal facots

A

Maternal illness during pregnancy
Periarticular laxity
Incomplete ossification of cuboidal bones

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6
Q

Acquired factors

A

Unbalanced nutrition
Excessive exercise/trauma
- asymmetrical physeal growth

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7
Q

Specific prenatal factors

A

Periarticular laxity
Cuboidal bone hypoplasia
Teratogenic insults
Placentitis
Hormonal /nutritional imbalance

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8
Q

Specific postnatal factors

A

Poor limb conformation
Excessive growth rate
Physeal injuries
Overload due to contralateral limb lameness

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9
Q

Visual exam

A

Keep perspective of where youre located vs where the foal is located
Always check multiple directions/views to achieve a proper diagnosis

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10
Q

Periarticular laxity

A

Soft tissues around joint are too elastic
Can be manually corrected
Radiographs will appear normal

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11
Q

Treating periarticular laxity

A

Exercise restriction - stall confinement
Excess loading will lead to pathologic loading

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12
Q

Treating severe cases of periarticular laxity

A

Severe cases
Tube casts
Splint bandages
Orthotic devices
- goal is to support structures while bone straightens

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13
Q

Incomplete ossification

A

Premature/dysmature
>1 joint affected
May lead to permanent ALD without protection
Can be manually corrected
Radiographs abnormal

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14
Q

Treating incomplete ossification

A

Exercise restriction
External support for periarticular laxity
Improve in 2-4 weeks
Reradiograph to follow

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15
Q

asymmetric physeal growth

A

Metaphysis or epiphysis
Present at birth but more common to develop in growth
Radiographs are abnormal - one side of metaphysis is hypertrophic = different lengths
Manually correction is NOT possible

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16
Q

Cause for APG

A

???
Unbalanced nutrition
Rapid growth
Trauma - path forces/fracture
Osteochondrosis
Osteomyelitis

17
Q

Treating APG

A

Exercise restriction - in all cases! Goal is to prevent physeal trauma
Mild to mod cases - balance foot for equal loading mechanics
Severe - surgery to balance

18
Q

Goal for balancing foot

A

Hoof wall development to be equal on both sides

19
Q

Corrective shoes for APG

A

Trim every 2 weeks
Maintain symmetric shape - can add acrylic for shape

20
Q

Conservative management

A

Catching early = very good prognosis
Failure to catch or treat - abnormal loads placed on limb just progresses the deformity

21
Q

When is it ideal to act for APG

A

Prior to 2 months for fetlock
4 months for tarsus
6 months for carpus

22
Q

When does the majority of growth occur for various bones?

A

Fetlock - 2 months
Tarsus - 4 months
Carpus - 6 months

23
Q

When does the physeal close in various bones?

A

Fetlock - 3 months
Tarsus - 1-2 years
Carpus - 1-2 years

24
Q

When is it ideal for conservative management for APG?

A

Fetlock - 2-3 wks
Tarsus - >6 wks
Carpus - <2-3 months

25
Q

Flexural limb deformity

A

Deviation in sagittal plane
- laxity or deformity

26
Q

Occurrence of flexural limb deformity

A

Can occur in metacarpophalangeal joint, distal interphalangeal joint, carpal joints
Common in young foals

27
Q

What causes FLD

A

Congenital - laxity & deformity
Acquired - deformity

28
Q

Congenital

A

Flexural laxity - flexor muscle flaccidity
Flexural deformity - lack mobility in affected joint, painful

29
Q

Acquired FLD

A

Flexural deformity
Nutrition - too rapid growth, bone outgrows soft tissue
Pain - flexion withdrawal reflex, muscle contraction over time = Flexural deformity

30
Q

Flexural laxity

A

Muscle laxity - toes off ground, fetlock on ground, back at knee
Controlled exercise
Balance foot
Light bandages - protect legs - DO NOT provide support, make muscle tendon unit work to strengthen it
Extended heel shoes

31
Q

Risk with bandaging FLD

A

Too much support = more laxity

32
Q

Flexural deformity

A

May not be able to stand - esp with carpus
FPT is common due to no nursing
Cant straighten

33
Q

Oxytetracycline in FLP

A

Deformity
Given IV inhibits myofibroblast contraction - allows muscle to relax and have better prognosis

34
Q

Bandaging flexural deformity

A

Want to protect/relax muscle tendon unit
Must change frequently, pressure sores are common
Bandages come all the way to the ground - unlike in laxity

35
Q

Toe extensions w FD

A

Toe extensions are common, when FD is on distal interphalangeal jt
Increases tensile forces of DDFT

36
Q

Distal check ligament desmotomy

A

DF in distal interphalangeal joint
Releases load & transfers weight to DDFT

37
Q

Proximal check ligament desmotomy

A

P3 is normal, fetlock is not
FD in metacarpophalangeal joint
Lengthen muscle/tendon unit
Releases tension w forward bend so leg relaxes back to a more normal stance

Moving Exam 3 (34 decks)

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