Radio - EQ Foot Flashcards
Machine safety for EQ
Relatively safe, low beans
Proper equipment and safety gear decreases risk
Patient prep
Remove debris
Pack hoof w play dough - more homogenous appearance
Use blocks and proper positioning
Why are markers important?
Anything below the carpus /tarsus becomes very hard to distinguish lateral/medial
Markers should go on lateral side
Standard views for foot
Lateral
Dorsopalmar or dorsoplantar (horizontal to ground)
Dorso 60/65
Skyline
Why are blocks useful for Dorsopalmar shots
Allows foot to be centered in beam where the least amt of distortion occurs for the clearest shot
Easiest way for free projection
Dorso angular shot to free project the bulk of p3 away from p2 - ideal view for looking at p3
Projects navicular on top of p2
Appearance of p3 on radio
Rough choppy surface, possess holes for extreme vascularity to solar surface - this is a normal appearance
Appearance of pedal osteitis
Irregular holes or margins
Crena marginalis
Central divot on p3 ≤ 1.5cm in depth
Skyline view
Horse stands on projector, beam is behind and angled down towards the back base of the hoof
What is most viewed for a skyline shot
Navicular bone
Crescent lucency
Found in sagittal ridge, the combination of an indentation for digital flexor that passes over and convex protuberance distally
Hoof conformation
Well positioned - foot near center of the beam
Even weight bearing
Include ground surface of hoof (use block)
Entire foot extending proxi to fetlock joint
Solar angle
Toe should be closer to the ground than the heel
3-10* or %
Significant in breed variation
Low heel solar angle
Predisposing animal to diseases in navicular bone
Puts pressure on DDFT near attachment site
Hoof balance - mediolateral
Distal margin of distal phalanx - same height from ground on lateral / medial aspects of foot
Peak of center process should be centered
Alignment should be uniform on distal & prox interphalangeal joints
Keratoma
Benign mass of keratinized tissue (between hoof wall & p3)
Can lead to pressure necrosis of p3 and = loss of radiolucency (near crena)
Can cause lameness w enlargement
Subsolar abcess
Typical w penetration = infection
Gas or drainage in solar margin /soft tissues
Secondary bony changes in p3 are also common
Side bones
Ossification of lateral collateral cartilage
Common in draft breeds
Laminitis
Separation of insensitive lamina (stratum internum) from sensitive lamina (laminar dermis)
Manifest as P3 sinking or rotating
Radio findings for laminitis
Dorsal hoof wall and dorsal aspect of distal phalanx are no longer parallel
P3 is being pulled back and separates from wall
Ski slope or lipping
Disease progression of laminitis
Causes new bone formation at distodorsal of distal phalanx
Faint radiolucent lines between distal phalanx indicates necrotic laminar tissue
Sinking/founder
Secondary development of laminitis - P3 can penetrate the solar surface
Dorsal wall thickness will increase
Concave appearance at coronary band (telltale)
Effects prognosis, must treat
Founder distance
Vertical distance between the prox limit of dorsal hoof wall & proximal limit of extensor process of P3
Extnerla marker needed @ proximal limit of dorsal hoof wall
Normal - 4.0mm front, 4.6mm rear
Navicular disease
Chronic progressive syndrome of polo trochlear apparatus
(Of navicular bone or associated soft tissue structures)
Typical views for navicular disease
Dorsoproximal - palmarodistal
High coronary view, upright petal view
Palmarproximal (skyline)
Medial lateral
Podotrochlear apparatus
Navicular bone
Navicular bursa
Impair ligament
DDFT
Evaluating proximal border & extremities
Enthesophyes (spurs) on extremities
Remodeling
Evacuating distal border changes
Synovial invaginations
Small osseous fragments
Evaluating flexor cortex changes
Cortical erosions
Mineralization of deep digital flexor tendon
Evaluating Medullary cavity changes
Radiolucent cyst
Sclerosis
Distal border changes
Synovial fossae located on the distal border of the navicular bone
Normally small linear shaped
Disease progression = increase in size and shape
- lollipop shape
Proximal border changes
Enthesophyte formation
- bone formation @ a ligament attachment site
Skyline changes
Synovial invaginations increase in number
Increased medullary sclerosis
Flexor erosions
Lateral view changes
Enthesopathy development proximally & collateral sesamoidean ligament
