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Moving Exam 3 > Radio - EQ Foot > Flashcards

Radio - EQ Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Machine safety for EQ

A

Relatively safe, low beans
Proper equipment and safety gear decreases risk

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2
Q

Patient prep

A

Remove debris
Pack hoof w play dough - more homogenous appearance
Use blocks and proper positioning

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3
Q

Why are markers important?

A

Anything below the carpus /tarsus becomes very hard to distinguish lateral/medial
Markers should go on lateral side

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4
Q

Standard views for foot

A

Lateral
Dorsopalmar or dorsoplantar (horizontal to ground)
Dorso 60/65
Skyline

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5
Q

Why are blocks useful for Dorsopalmar shots

A

Allows foot to be centered in beam where the least amt of distortion occurs for the clearest shot

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6
Q

Easiest way for free projection

A

Dorso angular shot to free project the bulk of p3 away from p2 - ideal view for looking at p3
Projects navicular on top of p2

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7
Q

Appearance of p3 on radio

A

Rough choppy surface, possess holes for extreme vascularity to solar surface - this is a normal appearance

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8
Q

Appearance of pedal osteitis

A

Irregular holes or margins

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9
Q

Crena marginalis

A

Central divot on p3 ≤ 1.5cm in depth

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10
Q

Skyline view

A

Horse stands on projector, beam is behind and angled down towards the back base of the hoof

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11
Q

What is most viewed for a skyline shot

A

Navicular bone

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12
Q

Crescent lucency

A

Found in sagittal ridge, the combination of an indentation for digital flexor that passes over and convex protuberance distally

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13
Q

Hoof conformation

A

Well positioned - foot near center of the beam
Even weight bearing
Include ground surface of hoof (use block)
Entire foot extending proxi to fetlock joint

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14
Q

Solar angle

A

Toe should be closer to the ground than the heel
3-10* or %
Significant in breed variation

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15
Q

Low heel solar angle

A

Predisposing animal to diseases in navicular bone
Puts pressure on DDFT near attachment site

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16
Q

Hoof balance - mediolateral

A

Distal margin of distal phalanx - same height from ground on lateral / medial aspects of foot
Peak of center process should be centered
Alignment should be uniform on distal & prox interphalangeal joints

17
Q

Keratoma

A

Benign mass of keratinized tissue (between hoof wall & p3)
Can lead to pressure necrosis of p3 and = loss of radiolucency (near crena)
Can cause lameness w enlargement

18
Q

Subsolar abcess

A

Typical w penetration = infection
Gas or drainage in solar margin /soft tissues
Secondary bony changes in p3 are also common

19
Q

Side bones

A

Ossification of lateral collateral cartilage
Common in draft breeds

20
Q

Laminitis

A

Separation of insensitive lamina (stratum internum) from sensitive lamina (laminar dermis)
Manifest as P3 sinking or rotating

21
Q

Radio findings for laminitis

A

Dorsal hoof wall and dorsal aspect of distal phalanx are no longer parallel
P3 is being pulled back and separates from wall

22
Q

Ski slope or lipping

A

Disease progression of laminitis
Causes new bone formation at distodorsal of distal phalanx
Faint radiolucent lines between distal phalanx indicates necrotic laminar tissue

23
Q

Sinking/founder

A

Secondary development of laminitis - P3 can penetrate the solar surface
Dorsal wall thickness will increase
Concave appearance at coronary band (telltale)
Effects prognosis, must treat

24
Q

Founder distance

A

Vertical distance between the prox limit of dorsal hoof wall & proximal limit of extensor process of P3
Extnerla marker needed @ proximal limit of dorsal hoof wall
Normal - 4.0mm front, 4.6mm rear

25
Q

Navicular disease

A

Chronic progressive syndrome of polo trochlear apparatus
(Of navicular bone or associated soft tissue structures)

26
Q

Typical views for navicular disease

A

Dorsoproximal - palmarodistal
High coronary view, upright petal view
Palmarproximal (skyline)
Medial lateral

27
Q

Podotrochlear apparatus

A

Navicular bone
Navicular bursa
Impair ligament
DDFT

28
Q

Evaluating proximal border & extremities

A

Enthesophyes (spurs) on extremities
Remodeling

29
Q

Evacuating distal border changes

A

Synovial invaginations
Small osseous fragments

30
Q

Evaluating flexor cortex changes

A

Cortical erosions
Mineralization of deep digital flexor tendon

31
Q

Evaluating Medullary cavity changes

A

Radiolucent cyst
Sclerosis

32
Q

Distal border changes

A

Synovial fossae located on the distal border of the navicular bone
Normally small linear shaped
Disease progression = increase in size and shape
- lollipop shape

33
Q

Proximal border changes

A

Enthesophyte formation
- bone formation @ a ligament attachment site

34
Q

Skyline changes

A

Synovial invaginations increase in number
Increased medullary sclerosis
Flexor erosions

35
Q

Lateral view changes

A

Enthesopathy development proximally & collateral sesamoidean ligament

Moving Exam 3 (34 decks)

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