RWS (4th QUARTER) Flashcards
is a way of giving a better explanation to show the strength and the weaknesses of something based on a set of criteria which needs to be factual, substantial, and unbiased. It is used in giving a sound judgment – a judgement that can be backed up or supported by valid reason or proofs.
Evaluative statement
Is a statement or declaration made regarding an idea, a topic,
or an issue. It expresses a person’s opinion, feelings, or belief.
Assertion
A technique involving a strong declaration, a forceful or
confident and positive statement regarding a belief or a fact. Often, it is without proof or any support.
Assertion
A confident and forceful statement of fact or belief.
Assertion
An honest and appropriate expression of one’s feelings, opinions, and needs.
Assertion
4 Types of Assertion:
- Statement of Fact
- Statement of Opinion
- Statement of Convention
- Statement of Preference
This is a statement that can be proven objectively by direct experience, testimonies of witnesses, verified observations, or the results of research.
Statement of Fact
These are based on facts but are difficult to objectively verify because of the uncertainty of producing satisfactory proofs of soundness.
Statement of Opinion
Is a way in which something is done, similar to traditions and norms. Conventions depend on historical precedent, laws, rules, usage, & customs.
Statement of Convention
These are based on personal choice; therefore, they are subjective & cannot be objectively proven or
logically attacked.
Statement of Preference
is a statement that goes against or disagrees with a stated claim. In persuasive or argumentative writing, a writer can cite several
of these to his or her own claims.
Counterclaim
Are claims made to rebut a previous claim. They provide a contrasting perspective to the main argument.
Counterclaim
Is a statement that an author discusses, explains, or proves in his writing.
Claim
Is a type of claim that affirms or asserts that a statement is true or untrue. It argues that the statement is indeed a fact, or it defines a particular
term.
Claim of fact
Is a type of claim that evaluates, appraises, or judges
an idea.
Claim of value
Is a statement proposing an action that should be undertaken as a solution to a particular problem. This claim makes use of words such as should, ought to, and must.
Claim of policy
Obvious and apparent; directly stated.
Explicit
Not expressed clearly; only suggested; indirectly stated.
Implicit
simply refers to business letters, which are written forms of communication that deal with
day-to-day transactions in the workplace.
Business Correspondence
It involves composing letters sent to customers or clients of a company or an organization as well as to its employees, managers, and subordinates.
Business Correspondence
It is a method of communication that deals with
different business activities.
Business Correspondence
4 Types of Business Letters
Inquiry Letter
Order Letter
Complaint Letter
Recovery Letter
A prospective buyer writes this type of a business letter to a seller (a business or a person selling goods)
to inquire about the offered merchandise.
Inquiry Letter
The buyer asks for specific details about the products, such as design, size, & quantity, & requests for a price list & product samples. In this manner, the seller replies with a quotation letter. A quotation letter contains the information about the product including the payment scheme & the discount if there is any.
Inquiry Letter
A buyer writes this letter to place an order if he or she intends to purchase.
Order Letter
In this correspondence, the buyer mentions the specific items to order, gives instructions on delivery or shipping, and indicates the preferred mode of payment.
Order Letter
The buyer writes the problem in detail. Some of
the problems include the following reasons:
a. The products are not exactly what are specified in the order letter–that is, the buyer received the wrong ones;
b. The number of orders is incorrect; or
c. The products received are defective or damaged
Complaint Letter
A seller writes this letter to the buyer to collect payment for the products purchased. In a respectful tone, the seller mentions the amount that needs to be paid and the last payment made by the buyer if the seller has not received the full payment yet.
Recovery Letter
A business letter should have the following characteristics: (4)
It should be professional and courteous.
It should be factual.
It should be concise.
It should have concrete words.
Parts of a Business Letter (6)
Heading
Inside Address
Salutation
Body
Complimentary Close
Signature
This contains the sender’s address, which includes the street, city, and zip code. However, official business letters nowadays have letterhead, which contains the name and address of a company.
Heading
This includes the name of the recipient & his or her
address. The name is usually written with the
person’s appropriate title.
Inside Address
This phrase usually beings with Dear followed by the
recipient’s title and last name. If the recipient’s gender cannot be determined, it is advisable to address the recipient by his or her job title or full name.
Salutation
This is where the message of the letter is found.
Body
The first line usually opens with a friendly greeting, and the paragraph that follows states the main purpose of the letter.
The next paragraph gives more information about why the letter is written.
Then the last paragraph requests some action from the recipient.
Body
This phrase begins with a capitalized word and usually ends in a comma.
Complimentary Close
The printed name of the sender is set three or four lines below the complimentary close. The sender signs his or her name on top of the printed text.
Signature
This is the most common format. In this layout, the entire
text is left justified.
Full Block Format –
This is the most common format. In this layout, the entire text is left justified.
Full Block Format
In this layout, the inside address, the salutation, & the body of the letter are left justified. However, the heading, the date, complimentary close, &
signature are typed from the center of the page.
Modified Block Format
This format is almost the same as the modified block
format except for the paragraphs in the body.
Semi-Block Format
It refers two things: (1) the system for sending messages from a computer to another (2) the messages sent
through that system.
Electronic Mail
In this layout, the inside address, the salutation, &
the body of the letter are left justified. However, the
heading, the date, complimentary close, &
signature are typed from the center of the page
Modified Block Format –
This format is almost the same as the modified block
format except for the paragraphs in the body.
Semi-Block Format –
refers two things: (1) the system for sending
messages from a computer to another (2) the messages sent
through that system.
Electronic mail or e-mail
is the primary medium of business communication in
most companies today. It is mostly used for both external &
internal correspondence.
This contains the recipient’s name & e-mail address.
To field
This contains the name & e-mail address of a person
who needs to be kept up-to-date about the subject of
the e-mail.
Cc field
This contains the main topic of your message
Subject field
This phrase begins with Hi, an informal word, followed
by the first name of the recipient & a comma.
Salutation
This conveys the message.
Body
This is the first name of the sender
Sender’s name
This block of text contains the full name of the sender,
his position & company, & his contact information.
E-mail signature
Features of E-mail (7)
To field
cc field
subject field
salutation
body
sender’s name
e-mail signature
Guidelines in writing e-mail (6)
- Write concisely.
- Adjust the level of formality of your message.
- Use proper letter cases.
- Use the courtesy copy (CC) appropriately. Use the blind carbon copy
(BCC) appropriately. - Observer correct grammar, punctuation, & spelling.
- Do not leave the subject line empty
Also called ____, is a brief notice exchanged
among the members of the same organization.
Office Memo, office memorandum
The term comes from Latin memorandum meaning
“thing to
be remembered.”
Purposes of an Office Memo (5)
- To give new information, such as a new policy or a change in current
policy, to concerned people in an organization - To announce changes in leadership, management structure, team
divisions, or workflow. - To disseminate information pertaining to meetings & events held within
the organization. - To introduce new employees, divisions, clients, etc.
- Share information, Request, Congratulate, Recommend, Direct people,
Announce, Confirm, Inform, Instruct, Reply, Express appreciation,
Persuade.
Features of an Office Memorandum
Heading
Body
Conclusion/ closing
This shows the recipient, the
sender, the date, and the
subject of the memo
Heading -
This conveys the message of the
memo. Your introductory paragraph should
quickly orient the reader to what the memo is
about & how it pertains to them or their
department.
Body –
This part asks or
requests the target audience to do some
action.
. Conclusion / Closing –
It is the primary medium of business communication in most companies today. It is mostly used for both external and internal correspondence.
Electronic Mail
Features of E-mail (7)
To field
Cc field
Subject field
Salutation
Body
Sender’s name
E-mail signature
This contains the recipient’s name and e-mail address.
To field
This contains the name and e-mail address of a person who needs to be kept up-to-date about the subject of the e-mail.
Cc field
This contains the main topic of your message.
Subject field
This phrase begins with Hi, an informal word, followed by the first name of the recipient and a comma.
Salutation
This conveys the message.
Body
This is the first name of the sender.
Sender’s name
This block of text contains the full name of the sender, his position & company, and his contact information.
E-mail signature
Also called office memorandum, is a brief notice exchanged among the members of the same organization.
Office Memo
The term Memo comes from Latin __________ meaning “thing to be remembered.”
Memorandum
Originally, the term __________ referred to a word written at the top of a note until the word was used to refer to the note itself.
Memorandum
These are typical form of communication used within companies and organizations. Most will be limited to a few paragraphs, but some may be longer, depending on their purpose and messaging.
Memos
Purposes of an Office Memo (5)
- To give new information, such as a new policy or a change in current policy, to concerned people in an organization
- To announce changes in leadership, management structure, team divisions, or workflow.
- **To disseminate information **pertaining to meetings & events held within the organization.
- To introduce new employees, divisions, clients, etc.
- Share information, Request, Congratulate, Recommend, Direct people, Announce, Confirm, Inform, Instruct, Reply, Express appreciation, Persuade.
Features of an Office Memorandum (3)
Heading
Body
Conclusion/Closing
This shows the recipient, the sender, the date, and the subject of the memo.
Heading
This conveys the message of the memo. Your introductory paragraph should quickly orient the reader to what the memo is about and how it pertains to them or their department.
Body
This part asks or requests the target audience to do some action.
Conclusion/Closing
A______ is a document showing a summary of a job applicant’s qualifications such as his or her educational attainment and professional experience.
Résumé
Common Features of a Résumé (5)
Heading
Employment History
Special Abilities/Skills
Education
References
Different Types of Résumés (3)
Chronological résumé
Functional résumé
Combination résumé
Presents a job applicant’s professional experience in reverse chronological order.
Chronological résumé
This résumé presents the job applicant’s professional experience by his or her major skills. It includes a job objective and a section called summary of qualifications.
Functional résumé
This type of résumé combines the most useful features of the chronological and functional résumé.
Combination résumé
A _____ ______ is a letter of application. Through this letter, the job applicant promotes himself or herself to the employer by mentioning his or her valuable characteristics in order to request an interview.
Cover letter
Parts of a cover letter: (9)
Inside address
Salutation
Body
First paragraph
Second paragraph
Third paragraph
A complimentary close
Signature
Enclosure line
This contains the full name and title of the hiring manager of the company and the company’s name and address.
Inside address
This phrase typically begins with the word DEAR and is punctuated with a colon.
Salutation
This conveys the main message of the job applicant.
Body
In this part, the job applicant stated his or her purpose in writing the cover letter.
First paragraph
In this part, the job applicant highlights one or two of his or her skills that are relevant to the job.
Second paragraph
In this part, the job applicant encourages the hiring manager to view his or her résumé, which is attached to the letter.
Third paragraph
It is placed after the body of the message as a way to politely end the correspondence.
A complimentary close
It refers to any additional documents that you’ve attached to your job application.
Enclosure line
It is a summary of a student’s accomplishments in high school. It shows the reader the achievements and activities of the student in a nutshell.
College résumé
Features of a College Résumé: (7)
Heading
Education
Honors, awards, and special recognition
Extracurricular activities
Community activities
Employment
Interests and other activities
Features of a College Admission Letter: (6)
Heading
Date of the letter
Inside address
Salutation
Body
Signature
