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11-JOEL > OralComms- 1st Quarter > Flashcards

OralComms- 1st Quarter Flashcards

1
Q

It is through communication that this takes place.
An exchange takes place between two or more individuals for social fulfillment.

A

Social Interaction

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2
Q

communicators make use of language to convey what they would like others to know

A

Verbal Communication

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3
Q

The message is delivered with the use of media.

A

Mass Communication

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4
Q

This is usually experienced when a person feels intense frustration.

A

Angry

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5
Q

presents communication as a one-way activity in which information flows from the sender to the receiver

A

Linear Communication Model

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6
Q

Examples of small group interactions:

A

Roundtable discussions
Panel Discussions
Group Brainstorming Sessions
Study Groups

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7
Q

2 kinds of interpersonal communication:

A

Dyad
Small Group

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8
Q

3 Nonverbal Communication in Intercultural Communication:

A

Hugging
Public Display of Affections
Eye Contact

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9
Q

Oral communication is often less formal than written communication and may involve informal language. However, the level of formality can vary depending on the context of the communication.

A

Less formal

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10
Q

delivered with the speaker preparing a speech outline or notes beforehand

A

Extemporaneous Speech

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11
Q

To engage in intercultural communication, participants should essentially understand the concept of

A

Self-awareness

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12
Q

the use of words or speech in sending and transmitting ideas or feelings

A

Verbal Communication

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13
Q

According to Dutch linguist ______ ____ in his book The Five Clocks:
- Intimate
- Casual
- Consultative
- Formal
- Frozen

A

Martin Joos

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14
Q

delivered with very little or no preparation

brief and unrehearsed since the speaker does not have time to practice the speech

A

Impromptu speech

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15
Q

refers to the tone, speed, and volume of a speaker’s voice

A

Paralanguage

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16
Q

Types of speeches according to purpose:

A
  1. Expository or Informative Speech
    Persuasive Speech
    Entertainment Speech
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17
Q

involves feedback, an element missing from the linear communication model

A

Interactive Communication Model

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18
Q

starting point of communication

A

Sender

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19
Q

translates the internal thoughts of the sender into a language that can be understandable

A

Encoding

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20
Q

One’s culture is not just defined by one’s upbringing. This can also be determined by a person’s

A

Gender and Age

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21
Q

This is done to convince people to adopt a specific point of view or to call people to action.

A

To persuade

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22
Q

Occurs mostly in a workplace or an organized environment.

Uses an organization’s formal channels, such as letters, memorandums, or e-mails.

It may also be done face-to-face.

It is more systematic, documented, and planned.

A

Formal Communication

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23
Q

4 Basic Human Emotions:

A

Happy
Sad
Surprised
Angry

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24
Q

In mixed-gender conversations: (3)

A

men initiate the interaction
men often interrupt the other person who is speaking. Women usually allow an interruption
men use fewer adjectives and intensifiers compared to women

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25
Q

given to provide the audience with information regarding a topic or to expand their knowledge about a topic that they are already familiar with

A

Expository or Informative Speech

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26
Q

This is usually characterized by feelings of despair, sorrow, loss, hopelessness, disappointment, or even depression.

A

Sad

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27
Q

often used in formal situations, such as in a graduation ceremony, an official meeting, a television newscast, and a conference

A

Formal Speech Style

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28
Q

It is the transmission or exchange of a message, feelings, or meaning through verbal or nonverbal cues.

There is an interdependent relationship between or among the participants.

A

Interpersonal communication

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29
Q

Functions of Communication: (5)

A

Regulation or Control
Social Interaction
Motivation
Information Dissemination
Emotional Expression

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30
Q

an appeal to the speaker’s credibility or authority as perceived by the audience

A

Ethos

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31
Q

present valid arguments and sound reasoning, relate with the audience, and be honest

A

Credible

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32
Q

communication comes from the Latin word ________ meaning ______

A

communis
common

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33
Q

When a person is motivated, he or she feels a sense of personal achievement, which contributes to his or her confidence in achieving a goal.

A

It empowers individuals

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34
Q

refers to the use of body language in communication
includes gestures, eye contact, and facial expression

A

Kinesics

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35
Q

serves to describe or explain an event or an issue that is interesting, significant, or unusual

helps explain to the audience what happened, why it happened, and what resulted from the event

promotes understanding by presenting the reasons why an issue exists and what its implications and effects are

A

Reportorial Speech

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36
Q

In general, men and women differ in terms of their communication style

A

Gender

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37
Q

it is formed (created), acquired (learned), and spread (shared) through interactions with others.

A

Culture

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38
Q

Also known as manuscript speech

a speaker reads a prepared text or manuscript to the audience

A

Reading from a manuscript

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39
Q

In these conversations, some tend to dominate the conversation, and they seldom talk about their private lives.

A

Men-only conversations

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40
Q

the participants may use group language so only members of the group can understand it

A

Casual Speech Style

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41
Q

it is most visible in the differences of cultures in the interpretation of verbal and non-verbal linguistics

A

Intercultural Communication

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42
Q

8 Process of Communication

A

Sender
Message
Encoding
Media
Decoding
Receiver
Feedback
Noise

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43
Q

According to ______ _________ in his book An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (1986), “No one speaks the same way all the time.”

A

Ronald Wardhaugh

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44
Q

the most operational style among the other styles

A

Consultative Speech Style

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45
Q

shows only a passive receiver

A

Linear Communication Model

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46
Q

our culture shapes the way we communicate with others, resulting in a constantly evolving relationship between culture and communication known as

A

Intercultural Communication

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47
Q

presents accurate information that is up-to-date, reliable, and uncorrupted

A

Accurate

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48
Q

A person has to persevere to establish a good image, so he or she tries his or her best to be a good conversationalist.

A

Behavior

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49
Q

is generally defined as knowledge or facts about a certain subjects such as events, person, or situation. Sharing this is an important component in communication

A

Information Dissemination

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50
Q

Aims to influence the audience to accept the speaker’s position or stand on an issue

A

Persuasive Speech

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51
Q

refers to how space or distance between sender and receiver affects their communication

A

Proxemics

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52
Q

uses prescribed and highly formal language, such as in official or historical documents and literary texts

A

Frozen Speech Style

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53
Q

refers to a conceptual representation that is used to explain the communication process

A

Model of Communication

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54
Q

since there is little or no feedback from the listeners or audience, the speaker needs to plan ahead his or her utterances, or what he or she is going to say

A

Formal Speech Style

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55
Q

Types of speeches according to delivery

A

Reading from a manuscript
Memorized speech
Impromptu speech
Extemporaneous speech

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56
Q

takes into account that communicators react to the situation based on their own past experiences, current status, and anticipated future

A

Transactional Communication Model

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57
Q

process of translating the encoded message into an effective language, which can be understood by the receiver

A

Decoding

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58
Q

the path, channel, or medium through which an encoded message is transmitted to the receiver

A

Media

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59
Q

ensures that the receiver has received and understood the message

A

Feedback

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60
Q

a shared system of knowledge among a large group of individuals

A

Culture

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61
Q

carrier of the message

A

Media

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62
Q

indicates that the listener wants the speaker to stop talking

A

Head-shaking

63
Q

Oral communication includes the use of spoken words as well as nonverbal cues like facial expressions, tone of voice, and body language.

A

Verbal and nonverbal cues

64
Q

senders and receivers are both participants, capable of sending and receiving messages anytime or at the same time

A

Transactional Communication Model

65
Q

This is experienced when a person is content, pleased, delighted, or excited.

Can be expressed nonverbally through a person’s voice, facial expressions, and gestures.

A

Happy

66
Q

Characteristics of Speech Context

A
  1. Number of participants
  2. Physical proximity of the participants to another
  3. The channel used for communication
  4. The immediacy of the exchange
67
Q

Oral communication involves a two way exchanging of information between a speaker and a listener. It is an interactive process that allows instant feedback and clarification.

A

Dynamic and interactive

68
Q

transmission of ideas and emotions between or among persons using verbal and nonverbal cues

A

Communication

69
Q

Public communication may be done for the following reasons:

A

To inform
To persuade
To entertain

70
Q

person who conveys his thoughts, message or ideas to the receiver

A

Sender

71
Q

use simple words and straightforward sentences, define unfamiliar concepts, and choose an organizational pattern

A

Clear

72
Q

3 ways to look into how motivation works:

A

Needs
Behaviors
Rewards

73
Q

show enthusiasm, creativity, and sincerity

also essential that you build rapport with the audience

engage them by sharing a personal experience, asking a provocative question, and telling a humorous story

A

Memorable

74
Q

In men-only conversations: (5)

A

assertive and competitive
reserved
talk about different topics
need personal space
purpose: to provide information

75
Q

In these conversations, they usually allow everyone to participate, and they often talk about their personal relationships

A

Women-only conversations

76
Q

sender and receiver have the same role in the activity; either one comes up with an idea, sends a message, and reacts to it

A

Interactive Communication Model

77
Q

the process of reversal of communication in which the receiver express his reaction to the sender of the message

A

Feedback

78
Q

any factor that interferes with communication

A

Noise

79
Q

5 Characteristics of Oral Communication

A

Dynamic and interactive
Verbal and nonverbal cues
Less formal
Spoken words
Contextual and Situational

80
Q

When a person is stimulated or excited about doing something, he or she will find it easier to do the task.

A

It increases productivity

81
Q

used by participants who share a very close relationships

A

Intimate Speech Style

82
Q

subject matter of communication

A

Message

83
Q

Oral communication relies on spoken words as the primary medium of conveying messages. It involves the use of language, including vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, to express thoughts and ideas.

A

Spoken words

84
Q

occurs only in the mind of the individual and is spoken aloud.

this occurs when an individual speaks with oneself, such as practicing a message to be delivered to others or when speaking aloud to clarify or to better understand a certain idea or concept.

A

Solo vocal communication

85
Q

person who receives the message from the sender

A

Receiver

86
Q

provides a vivid picture of a person, a place, or an object

A

Description Speech

87
Q

it is vital in preserving and passing on cultural traits between individuals, regions, and eras.

A

Communication

88
Q

process of converting messages into communication symbols, which may be understood by the receiver

A

Encoding

89
Q

communication may be used for the purpose of motivating oneself and others in various situations.

A

Motivation

90
Q

may affect the sender, message, or receiver, hindering effective communication and leading to varied interpretations by the receiver

A

Noise

91
Q

may also include noise, an element that affects the interpretation of the message

A

Interactive Communication Model

92
Q

requires you to commit your speech to memory

usually appropriate for relatively short speeches

A

Memorized speech

93
Q

When a speaker looks at a listener, the speaker is signaling that he or she is requesting feedback or wants the listener to take the floor.

When a listener looks at and slightly up at the speaker, the listener is signaling that he or she wants the floor.

When a speaker looks away or avoids eye contact from a listener who wishes to take the floor, the speaker is suppressing the listener’s attempt to take the floor.

A

Eye contact

94
Q

used to address or is given before an audience of absolute strangers

A

Frozen Speech Style

95
Q

Model of Communication has 3 general types
What are they?

A

Linear Communication Model
Interactive Communication Model
Transactional Communication Model

96
Q

presents information about how to do something or how something is done.

A

Demonstration Speech

97
Q

the speaker attempts to convince the audience to adopt his or her way of thinking or to change the way they think about things

A

Convincing speech

98
Q

characterized by a complete absence of social inhibitions

A

Intimate Speech Style

99
Q

Composed of three or more participants, or a group of participants, who engage in a discussion, often to achieve a common goal such as to solve a problem, to perform an action or task, or to decide on something.

A

Small Group

100
Q

involves writing that is not intended for others

journaling or writing in one’s diary are examples of this

A

Solo written communication

101
Q

represents source of communication

A

Sender

102
Q

When you interact with others, it is important to choose an appropriate speech style to use. In doing so, you should consider several factors:

A

Audience
Topic
Purpose
Location

103
Q

4 Main types of informative speeches:

A

Description Speech
Explanation Speech
Demonstration Speech
Reportorial Speech

104
Q

Occurs in non-organized situations.

This is more authentic and not systematic.

A

Informal Communication

105
Q

refers to the role of time in the communication process

A

Chronemics

106
Q

In women-only conversations: (5)

A

polite and affectionate
expressive
talk about one topic at length
intimate
purpose: to build or maintain relationship

107
Q

Involves a single speaker and a sizable number of people or an audience.

Requires more planning and preparation on the part of the speaker, has limited or no opportunities for feedback, and the speaker needs to use and sustain appropriate verbal and nonverbal cues to convey his or her message to the audience.

A

Public Communication

108
Q

it is essential for better communication with others, especially with those who are different from you

A

Self-awareness

109
Q

This speech style is also used in sermons, speeches, and announcements. This is also the style that is used for academic and business writing.

A

Formal Speech Style

110
Q

Communication is used to regulate or control the pace and flow of conversations or the speaking of a participant so that interruptions and awkward silences between speakers are avoided. Both verbal and nonverbal cues are used to help achieve this purpose.

A

Regulation or Control

111
Q

When a person gets the reactions he or she expected to receive when he or she has finished with the conversation, he or she becomes more motivated to keep conversations going.

A

Rewards

112
Q

You would also need to tailor your verbal and nonverbal cues to the following categories of communication:

A

Formal communication
Informal Communication

113
Q

to complete the process of communication, this is essential

A

Feedback

114
Q

Aims to amuse audience members and put them in a jovial mood

A

Entertainment Speech

115
Q

lacks participation from listeners

A

Formal Speech Style

116
Q

Kinds of persuasive speech:

A

Convincing Speech
Actuation Speech

117
Q

Oral communication is highly dependent on the context and situation in which it takes place. Factors such as the audience, purpose, and cultural background influence the language, tone, and style used by the speaker.

A

Contextual and situational

118
Q

4 Main types of speech context:

A

Intrapersonal Speech Context
Interpersonal Speech Context
Public Communication
Mass Communication

119
Q

explains or defines a concept, term, or an abstract topic (e.g., idea, principle, philosophy)

A

Explanation Speech

120
Q

signals that the speaker is done talking and is now yielding the floor

A

Leaning back

121
Q

refers to the use of touch to convey meaning in a conversation

A

Haptics

122
Q

5 Types of Nonverbal Communication

A

Proxemics
Kinesics
Chronemics
Paralanguage
Haptics

123
Q

listener does not participate

A

Formal Speech Style

124
Q

designed to urge the audience to take particular action

A

Actuation Speech

125
Q

people of different ages or generations may have difficulty communicating with one another.

A

Age

126
Q

Composed of two participants who take turns as sender and the receiver in the communication process.

Also called “one-to-one” communication

A

Dyad

127
Q

Strategies for Organizing an Impromptu Speech:

A

Opening Rule of Three-Clincher
Past-Present-Future
Point-Reason-Example/Explanation-Point

128
Q

Means communicating with oneself.

It takes place when the individual is being introspective or engaging in inner talk or internal discourse.

A

Intrapersonal Communication

129
Q

Refers to the situation or environment and the circumstances in which communication occurs.

A

Speech Context

130
Q

Rhetorical Appeals in persuasive speeches:

A

Ethos
Pathos
Logos

131
Q

presents communication not only as a two-way process but also as a simultaneous activity

A

Transactional Communication Model

132
Q

the act of expressing ideas in ways that do not involve or go beyond using words

A

Nonverbal Communication

133
Q

This is done to give information about a topic

A

To inform

134
Q

Different types of intrapersonal communication

A

Internal discourse
Solo written communication
Solo vocal communication

135
Q

also called the oratorical style

A

Frozen Speech Style

136
Q

includes ideas, feelings, suggestions, order, etc. which a sender wants to convey to the receiver

A

Message

137
Q

Speeches can be classified in two ways:

A

According to Purpose
According to Delivery

138
Q

This can be determined easily in any communication processes.

A person feels motivated when this arises.

Evident when a person wants to attain something.

A

Needs

139
Q

considers nonverbal cues as feedback

A

Transactional Communication Model

140
Q

a relaxed or informal dialogue between friends, peers, colleagues, or family

A

Casual Speech Style

141
Q

5 Kinds of Speech Styles:

A

Intimate Speech Style
Casual Speech Style
Consultative Speech Style
Formal Speech Style
Frozen Speech Style

142
Q

The act of speaking in front of a sizable number of people

A

Public speaking

143
Q

used in semi-formal situations in which a speaker needs to provide background information because the listener may not be able to understand without it

A

Consultative Speech Style

144
Q

This is usually felt when something unexpected occurs.

A

Surprised

145
Q

appeal to the audience’s emotions

A

Pathos

146
Q

Characteristics of an Expository or Informative Speech

A

Credible
Accurate
Clear
Memorable

147
Q

signals that the speaker is not finished speaking or that the listener would like to say something

A

Raising the index finger

148
Q

shows communication as a two-way activity

A

Interactive Communication Model

149
Q

help humans communicate their ideas and feelings toward certain situations. It can vary from time to time depending on the situation, the participant, and even the environment in which the communication occurs. It can be conveyed verbally or nonverbally

A

Emotional Expression

150
Q

This is done during special occasions.

A

To entertain

151
Q

participants share a completely private vocabulary, making it difficult for others who are outside of the group to understand

A

Intimate Speech Style

152
Q

the most formal style and is reserved for very formal situations such as in religious services, state affairs, and court proceedings

A

Frozen Speech Style

153
Q

involves inner talk or activities such as thinking, reflecting, analyzing, or evaluating, which are done entirely within the mind of an individual

A

Internal discourse

11-JOEL (32 decks)

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