RD2 4THQ Flashcards
it is a way of arranging data in to a logical, chronological, and significant categories and classification.
Presentation of Data
3 ways of Presenting Data:
1.Tabular
2.Graphical
3.Textual
*Tables organize and compress data into standardized form.
*Facilitate the study and interpretation.
Tabular Presentation
Reason for using Tabular Presentation of Data:
*Data in tables are grouped and are arranged systematically.
*Relationships of data are seen easily.
*Presents ideas that are understood even without reading the textual presentation.
Tables includes:
4 items
- Title
- Number
- Heading
- Body notes
should identify the table briefly.
Title
all tables with Arabic numerals sequentially (e.g. Table A1, Table B2)
Number
generally expressed in phrased or clause form.
Heading
if there are items in the table that are not easily understood.
Body notes
There are three types of notes for table:
- General notes
- Specific notes
- Probability notes
these provide additional information about the table as a whole, such as data sources or explanations of abbreviations used in the table.
General notes
These pertain to individual data entries in the table and explain unusual or noteworthy values, data limitations, or any other relevant details.
Specific notes
These are used in statistical tables to indicate the probability level associated with certain statistical tests or findings, helping readers interpret the significance of the data presented.
Probability notes
It is a chart representing the quantitative variation of a variables itself or in comparison with those of an other variable.
Graph
It provide a convenient way to compare different sets of data.
Graph
TYPES OF GRAPHS
5 items
Bar Graph
Line Graph
Circle/Pie Graph
Pictogram
Map graph or Cartogram
It is a graph which consists of parallel bars or rectangles with lengths that are equal to the quantities that occur in a given data set.
Bar Graph
This bars can be presented vertically or horizontally to show the contrast and record information.
Bar Graph
It sometimes called a column bar chart.
Bar Graph
A graph that displays information in a series of data points that each represents an individual measurement or piece of data.
Line Graph
The series of points are then connected by a line to show a visual trend in data over a period of time.
Line Graph
A circle divided into sections which each display the size of the relative piece of information.
Circle/Pie Graph
The length of each sector is proportional to the percentage it represents.
Circle/Pie Graph
It is a way of representing statistical data using symbolic figures or pictorial resemblance to match the frequencies of different kinds of data.
Pictogram
It is often used in writing and graphic systems in which the characters are to a considerable extent pictorial in appearance.
Pictogram
A presentation of statistical data in geographical distribution on a map.
Map graph or Cartogram
A map that may contain either of the following: land area, distance, population, and travel time.
Map graph or Cartogram
Involves statements with number describes a given data.
Textual Presentation of Data
Aims to highlight some important data and supplement tabular presentation.
Textual Presentation of Data
Only important results that could give information and answer the questions in the statement of the problem in Chapter 1 are stressed in analyzing data.
Analysis of Data
Interpretation or inference follows the textual presentation of each in the research.
Interpretation of Data
Interpretation of data must have 4 of the following elements presented by Calderon and Gonzales.
- Condition
- Possible cause of the condition
- Possible effect of the condition
- Comparison of findings with those of previous studies
This refers to the findings discovered in the research.
Condition
This refers to the reason for the existence of the condition discovered.
Possible cause of the condition
This refers to the result of the existence of the condition discovered.
Possible effect of the condition
Guidelines in Preparing Chapter 4:
- Leave 1 inch from the top.
- Type CHAPTER 4 in upper case letters.
- Leave two (2) spaces up to the bottom of the page.
- Type presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data.
- Indent 5 spaces. Write a paragraph describing the nature of the research.
- Present the first table followed by its textual presentation and interpretation.
- Do step number 6 until all tables are presented, analyzed, and interpreted.
