Perdev- 2nd Quarter Flashcards
Which type of development?
Most girls have completed the physical changes related to puberty by age __
15
Physical Development
Boys are still maturing and gaining strength, mucle mass, and height and are completing the development of sexual traits.
Physical Development
May stress over school and test scores
Emotional Development
Is self-involved (may have high expectations and low self-concept)
Emotional Development
Seeks privacy and time alone
Emotional Development
Is concerned about physical and sexual attractiveness
Emotional Development
May complain that parents prevent him or her from doing things independently
Emotional Development
Starts to want both physical and emotional intimacy in relationships
Emotional Development
Experiences of intimate relationships
Emotional Development
shifts in relationship with parents from dependency and subordination to one that reflects the adolescent’s increasing maturity and responsibilities in the family and the community
Social Development
Is more and more aware of social behavior of friends
Social Development
Seeks friends that share the same beliefs, values, and interests
Social Development
Friends become more important
Social Development
Starts to have more intellectual interests
Social Development
Explores romantic and sexual behaviors with others
Social Development
May be influenced by peers to try risky behaviors (alcohol, tobacco)
Social Development
Becomes better able to set goals and think in terms of the future
Mental Development
Has a better understanding of complex problems and issues
Mental Development
Starts to develop moral ideas and to select role models
Mental Development
It is the body’s reaction to a challenge, which could be anything from outright physical danger to asking someone for a date or trying out for a sports team. The human body responds to stressors by activating the nervous system and specific hormones
Stress
Common Triggers of Teen Stress:
6 items
Academic Stress
Social Stress
Family Discord
World Events
Traumatic Events
Significant Life Changes
From grades to test scores to applying to college, adolescent experience high levels of school-related stress. Many adolescent worry about meeting academic demands, pleasing teachers and parents, and keeping up with their classmates. Poor time management skills or feeling overwhelmed by the amount of work can play into academic stress as well.
Academic Stress
Adolescent place a high value on their social lives. They spend the majority of their waking hours among their peers, and finding and keeping their tribes can include stress at times.
Social Stress
Stress trickles down, and anything that impacts the family can affect the adolescent. Unrealistic expectations, marital problems, strained sibling relationships (including sibling bullying), illness in the family, and financial stress on the family can all trigger a spike in adolescent stress.
Family Discord
School shootings, acts of terrorism, and natural disasters worry parents, but they also trigger stress for adolescent. Adolescent are often privy to the 24-hour news cycle, and hearing bits and pieces of scary news, both domestic and abroad, can leave adolescent wondering about their safety and the safety of their loved ones.
World Events
Death of a family member or friend, accidents, sickness, or enduring emotional or physical abuse can have a lasting impact on adolescent stress levels. It‘s also important to note that teen dating violence affects approximately 10% of teens.
Traumatic Events
Like adults, adolescent experience stress due to this. Moving, starting a new school, and changes in the makeup of the family (including divorce and blended families) can trigger stress for adolescent. Not knowing how to cope with big changes is overwhelming and can be confusing for the developing adolescent.
Significant Life Changes
Ways of Coping Stress:
- Stop for a moment (especially when you feel your muscles tightening up) and take a few deep breaths.
- Do a relaxing exercise. Swing your hands at your sides and stretch.
- Take a “power nap.” Lie down and totally relax for a few minutes. Find time to do the things you enjoy.
- Leave your study area for a while to take a brisk walk.
- Find a quiet place to read a magazine or novel during break or at lunch. If possible, look at some peaceful images such as forests, beaches, etc. These images can initiate a relaxation response.
- Look up.
- Keep something humorous on hand, such as a book of jokes.
Major Parts of the Brain
• Brain stem
• Cerebellum
• Cerebrum
connects the spinal cord and the brain. It controls functions that keep people alive such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure and food digestion.
Brain stem
That region controls voluntary movement. When you want to lift your fork, wave your hand, brush your hair or wink.
Cerebellum
It is the largest of the three brain sections, accounts for about 85 percent of the brain’s weight, and has four lobes. The lobes- frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital each have different functions.
Cerebrum
4 Lobes of Cerebrum
• Parietal lobe
• Frontal lobe
•Occipital lobe
• Temporal lobe
Helps people understand what they see and feel.
Parietal lobe
Determines personality and emotions.
Frontal lobe
Where vision functions are located.
Occipital lobe
Hearing and word recognition abilities are in the ______
Temporal lobe
The basic functional units of the nervous system, are three-part units and are key to brain function.
Neurons
They are comprised of a nerve cell body, axon and dendrite, and they power the rapid-fire process that turns thought into movement.
Neurons
The thought moves as an electrical signal from the nerve cell down the axon to a dendrite, which looks like branches at the end of nerve cells. The signal jumps from the end of the dendrite on one cell across the space, called a synapse, to the dendrite of another cell with the help of chemicals called neurotransmitters. That signal continues jumping from cell to cell until it reaches the muscle you need to wave, wink or walk.
Neurons
The signal jumps from the end of the dendrite on one cell across the space, called a ___, to the dendrite of another cell with the help of chemicals called ___.
synapse
neurotransmitters
___ ___ regenerate throughout life happens very slowly after a certain age.
Brain cells
During the ___ ___ of life, the brain experiences most of it’s growth and develops most of it’s potential for learning. That’s the time frame in which ___, or the creation of pathways for brain cells to communicate, occurs.
first year
synaptogenesis
___ such as glue, paint, gasoline and aerosols, destroy the outer lining of nerve cells and make them unable to communicate with one another.
Inhalants
___ use hinders memory, learning, judgment and reaction times, while steroids cause aggression and violent mood swings.
Marijuana
___ use is rising among young people, Rusche said, and scientists have found that drug destroys neurons that make serotonin, a chemical crucial in controlling sleep, violence, mood swings and sexual urges.
Ecstasy
Is a powerful thinking tool. It is a graphical technique that mirrors the way the brain works, and was invented by Tony Buzan.
Mind mapping
It helps to make thinking visible.
Mind mapping
Who invented Mind Mapping?
Tony Buzan
Most people make notes using lined paper and blue or black ink. Making notes more attractive to the brain by adding color and rhythm can aid the learning process, and can help to make learning fun.
Mind mapping
The subject being studied is crystallized in a central image and the main theme radiates out from the central image on branches.
Mind mapping
Each branch holds a key image or a key word. Details are then added to the main branches and radiate further out.
Mind Mapping
____ have a wide variety of uses, for example, note taking, revision planning, planning for writing and problem solving can all be successfully carried out using the technique. The colors and the graphics used will help children to organize their ideas and thoughts.
Mind maps
It’s the way your thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors affect your life.
Mental health.
leads to positive self-image and in-turn,
satisfying relationships with friends and others
Good mental health
It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others,
and make choices.
Mental Health
Having ____ helps you make good decisions and
deal with life’s challenges at home, work, or school.
good mental health
What kind of mental challenges can one have?
6 items
- A sudden encounter with snake
- Reviewing for upcoming exam
- It could be something physical like an illness
- Something social bullying or being left
- It could be argument with your family
- Or a death of a parent
People who are mentally and emotionally healthy by HelpGuide.org. (2020) have:
8 items
- A sense of contentment
- A zest for living and the ability to laugh and have fun.
- The ability to deal with stress and bounce back from adversity.
- A sense of meaning and purpose, in both their activities and their relationships.
- The flexibility to learn new skills and adapt to change.
- A balance between work and play, rest and activity, etc.
- The ability to build and maintain fulfilling relationships.
- Self-confidence and high self-esteem.
According to Mental Health Foundation (2020), Good mental health is
central to an adolescent’s healthy development if associated to:
- being in good physical health, eating a balanced diet and getting regular
exercise. - having time and the freedom to play, indoors and outdoors
- being part of a family that gets along well most of the time
- going to a school that looks after the wellbeing of all its pupils
- taking part in local activities for young people.
Other factors that are also important for developing a good mental health, including:
7 items
- feeling loved, trusted, understood, valued and safe
- being interested in life and having opportunities to enjoy themselves
- being hopeful and optimistic
- being able to learn and having opportunities to succeed
- accepting who they are and recognizing what they are good at
- having a sense of belonging in their family, school and community
- feeling they have some control over their own life
COMMON MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENCE (7)
- ANXIETY DISORDERS
- DEPRESSION
- ATTENTION DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)
- EATING DISORDERS
- SCHOOL PHOBIA
- LEARNING DISABILITY
- CONDUCT DISORDER
Characterized by feelings of excessive uneasiness, worry, and fear
anxiety disorders
anxiety disorders mostly occur in approximately ____ of ____year-old
32 percent, 13-18
examples of anxiety disorders
- generalized anxiety disorder,
- post-traumatic stress
disorder, - social anxiety disorder,
- obsessive-compulsive disorder, and
- phobias
Depressed mood that affects thoughts, feelings, and daily activities,
including eating, sleeping, and working
depression
depression usually ccurs in approximately ____ of ____-olds
13 percent, 12- to 17-year
examples of depression (3):
- depressive disorder,
- postpartum depression, and
- seasonal affective disorder
Characterized by continued inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
that interferes with daily functioning or development
ATTENTION DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)
adhd mostly occurs in approximately ____ of ____-year-olds
nine percent, 13- to 18
Characterized by extreme and abnormal eating behaviors, such as
insufficient or excessive eating
EATING DISORDERS
eating disorders mostly occur in almost ____ of ____year-olds
three percent, 13- to
18-
examples of eating disorders:
- anorexia nervosa,
- bulimia, and
- binge eating disorder
School refusal should be considered a heterogeneous and multicausal syndrome.
SCHOOL PHOBIA
School avoidance may serve different functions depending on the individual child.
school phobia
These may include avoidance of specific fears provoked by the school environment
(e.g., test-taking situations, bathrooms, cafeterias, teachers),
school phobia
escape from aversive social situations (e.g., problems with classmates or teachers),
school phobia
separation anxiety, or attention-seeking behaviors (e.g., somatic complaints, crying spells) that worsen over time if the child is allowed to stay home.
school phobia
Reduced intellectual ability and difficulty with everyday activities – for example
household tasks, socializing or managing money – which affects someone for their
whole life.
learning disability
People with a ____ tend to take longer to learn and may need support to develop new skills, understand complicated information and interact with other people.
learning disability
Examples of learning disorders include: -
- Dyslexia
- Dyscalculia
- Dysgraphia
difficulty with reading
Dyslexia –
difficulty with math
Dyscalculia –
difficulty with writing
Dysgraphia –
a group of repetitive and persistent behavioral and emotional problems in youngsters.
conduct disorder
Children and adolescents with this disorder have great difficulty
following rules, respecting the rights of others, showing empathy, and
behaving in a socially acceptable way.
conduct disorder
The 6 dimensions of
psychological wellbeing by Exploring
your mind (2017):
- SELF-ACCEPTANCE
- CONTROL OVER YOUR SURROUNDINGS
- POSITIVE RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHERS
- AUTONOMY
- PERSONAL GROWTH
- LIFE PURPOSE
9 WAYS ON STAYING MENTALLY HEALTHY DURING ADOLESCENT
- TELL YOURSELF SOMETHING POSITIVE.
- WRITE DOWN SOMETHING YOU ARE GRATEFUL FOR.
- FOCUS ON ONE THING (IN THE MOMENT)
- EXERCISE
- EAT A GOOD MEAL
- OPEN UP TO SOMEONE
- DO SOMETHING FOR SOMEONE ELSE
- TAKE A BREAK
- GO TO BED ON TIME
a relation between people - a state of connectedness
between people (especially an emotional connection)
Relationship -
relationships between people, especially
those between friends, lovers and family members
Personal relationships -
strong affection for another arising out of kinship or
personalities
Love
attraction based on sexual desire :
- affection and
tenderness felt by lovers - - affection based on admiration,
- benevolence, or
- common interests (love for his schoolmates)
- the act of binding yourself (intellectually or
emotionally) to a course of action - a message that makes a pledge
Commitment
the act, power, or property of attracting - attractive
quality; magnetic charm; fascination; allurement; enticement - a person or thing that draws, attracts, allures, or entices
Attraction
- the social force that binds you to the courses of
action demanded by that force - a form of trustworthiness; the trait of
being answerable to someone for something or being responsible for
one’s conduct
Responsibility
is an essential component in any
discussion of relationships, but this varies greatly from person to
person. The Bureau of the Census defines family as “two or more
persons who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption and who
live together as one household.” But many people have family they
don’t live with or to whom they are not bonded by love, and the
roles of family vary across cultures as well as throughout your own
lifetime.
Family The concept of “family”
can be thought of as a close tie between two people
that is often built upon mutual experiences, shared interests,
proximity, and emotional bonding. Friends are able to turn to each
other in times of need.
friendship
____, including marriage, are close relationships formed between two people that are built upon affection, trust, intimacy, and romantic love. We usually experience this kind of relationship with only one person at a time
Partnerships
Why personal relationship is
important…
- Live longer
- Deal with stress
- Be healthier
- Feel richer
On the other hand, low social support is linked to a
number of health consequences, such as:
- Depression
- Decreased immune function
- Higher blood pressure
a person or thing that draws, attracts, allures, or entices
Enticement
