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FRACP Shuyu > RPA infectious diseases > Flashcards

RPA infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

dengue virus

A

RNA

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2
Q

what is the basis of community diagnostic assays for dengue

A

detection of NS1 antigen

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3
Q

Risk factors for severe disease in dengue

A

young age, female sex, high body-mass index, virus strain, and genetic variants of MHC class I–related sequence B and phospholipase C epsilon 1 genes

Previous infection with different serotype

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4
Q

diagnosis of dengue shock syndrome

A

pulse pressure narrows to 20 mm Hg or less, accompanied by signs of peripheral vascular collapse

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5
Q

sustained virological response rate for hepatitis C treated with sofosbuvir and ledipasvir or glecaprevir and pibrentasvir

A

95%

Both pangenotypic regimens

Sofosbuvir = NS5B inhibitor

velpatasvir = NS5A inhibitor

Glecaprevir = NS3/4A protease inhibitor

Pibrentasvir = NS5A inhibitor

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6
Q

When to give tetanus vaccination and tetanus immunoglobulin after possible tetanus exposure

A

Vaccination: last tetanus vaccination >5yr

Immunoglobulin: only if immunosuppressed

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7
Q

how to calculate maintainence dose rate

A

maintenance dose rate (mg/hr) = target concentration (mg/L) x clearance

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8
Q

MOA of clindamycin

A

Inhibits 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes

and inhibits exotoxin production

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9
Q

What opportunistic infection can cause autoinfection and hyperinfection in renal transplant recipients

A

Strongyloides

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10
Q

What prophylaxis does kidney transplant patients require?

A

CMV: if donor or receipient positive then valgan for 3 months

UTI: Bactrim ~6mo

Pneumocystic jirovecii: bactrim for 3-6 months

Candida spp: mystatin/oral clotrimator in “early transplant period”

If present..

TB: isoniazid for 9 mo for latent TB

Hep B positive recipients: tenofovir, entecavir, lamivudine

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11
Q

Fanconi syndrome biochem

A

Acidosis, hypophosphataemia. glycosuria, proteinuria, hypokalaemia

Due to losing things in the proximal tubules!

Type 2 RTA

Due to inadequate reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules - decreased absorption of glucose, amino acids, uric acid, phosphate and biarb

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12
Q

What HIV medication can cause Fanconi syndrome?

A

Tenofovir

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13
Q

What vaccines should splenectomy patients receive

A

Pneumococcus, meningococcus, haemophilus influenzae, influenzae

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14
Q

What precautions does meningococcal require?

A

Droplet

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15
Q

What precautions does influenzae require?

A

Droplet precautions

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16
Q

What precautions does varicella zoster and measles require?

A

Airborne precautions

17
Q

Rheumatic fever diagnosis criteria

A

2 major or 1 major and 2 minor criteria with evidence of a preceding group A strep infection

Major criteria: carditis (including valvulitis), polyarthritis, chorea, erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules

Minor criteria: monoarthralgia, fever, ESR >30, prolonged PR on ECG

18
Q

Secondary prophylaxis for rheumatic fever

Duration: minimum 10 years after most recent episode of ARF or until age 21 (whichever is longer)

benzathine benzylpenicillin 1.2 million units every 21 or 28 days

A
19
Q

what malaria species have hypnozoites

A

P. vivax and P ovale

20
Q

what stage of malaria does primaquine act upon?

A

hypnozoites

21
Q

what do you need to test for before giving primaquine?

A

G6PD

22
Q

when to add anaerobic cover for aspiration pneumonia

A

if failing to improve after 48hr and concerns regarding anaerobic organisms (lung absess, poor dentition, putrid sputum)

23
Q

what antibiotics can prolong QTc

A

quinolones and macrolides

24
Q

what antibiotic causes a disulfiram effect when taken with alcohol

A

metronidazole

(accumulation of acetaldehyde)

25
Q

Worst antibiotics for myasthenia gravis

A

aminoglycosides

ketolides

quinolones

26
Q

MOA maraviroc

A

chemokine antagonist in HIV

27
Q

what antibiotic is associated with achilles tendon rupture

A

cipro

28
Q

Treatment for uncomplicated malaria

A

artemether+lumefantrine oral therapy 3 days

29
Q

Treatment for secere P falciparum

A

IV/IM artesunate then 3 days of oral ACT

30
Q

Ddx of painful genital ulcers

A

HSC

Chancroid

31
Q

Ddx of painless genital ulcers

A

syphilis

LGV

Donovanosis

32
Q

Renal transplant, what is the msot likely o rganism to cause a bacterial meningitis

A

strep pneumoniae

33
Q

What is the galactomannan assay specific for in testing for fungal disease

A

aspergillosis

34
Q

Recurrent neisseria meningitis infections - what immunodeficiency

A

complement deficiency

35
Q

What is the optimal timing for pre-op cephazolin administration

A

60 min prior to surgery

(same for other abx except vancomycin which should be started 30-120 min before insertion)

36
Q

what organisms don’t produce nitrates on urinalysis

A

enterococci, staphylococci (Staphylococcus saprophyticus), Acinetobacter, or adenovirus

FRACP Shuyu (65 decks)

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