Dunedin 2017 Flashcards
Do penicillins or aminoglycosides penetrate the CNS?
No but they still have action in meningitis due to increased permeability of the BBB
Where do the AChR antibodies target in myasthenia gravis vs lambert eaton?
MG = post synaptic
Lambert Eaton = pre synaptic
What’s Glanzmann’s thombasthenia?
Defect in glycoprotein IIb/IIIa synthesis
What is cetuximab?
EGFR inhibitor
What renal condition is associated with elevated levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor?
FSGS
What is Gerstmann’s syndrome and what are the clinical features?
Ischaemic stroke to dominant inferior parietal lobule
Dyscalculia, acalculia, finger agnosia, left-right disorientation
What does inhibition of RANK ligand do?
Prevents maturation and activation of osteoclasts
What drug enhances osteoblast proliferation?
Romosuzumab
What drug preferentially activates osteoblasts rather than osteoclasts?
Teriparatide
What complications are reversible in hereditary haemochromatosis?
Left ventricular dysfunction, bronzing skin, hepatomegaly
What feature on the ECG is most assocaited with a pre-terminal event in TCA overdose?
QRS > 160ms
What are the 3 antibodies associated with systemic sclerosis?
Anti-RNA 3 polymerase
Anti-Scl-70
Anti-Centromere
Which steroids have the least mineralcorticoid activity?
ones that ends in methasone
What happens to the fT3 in sick euthyroid syndrome?
Decreases because there is increased conversion of fT4 to rT3
Where is hepcidin release?
Liver
What cytokine leads to the release of hepcidin?
IL-6
What is the MOA of hepcidin
Prevents iron transport by:
- Binding to ferroportin causing internalisation and breakdown of ferroportin by lysosomes within the cell
- Ferroportin is required by cells to release intracelullar iron into the circulation -> iron is retained in enterocytes, hepatocytes and macrophages
Which cephalosplorins have activity against MRSA?
Ceftaroline - 5th gen
What is aneuploidy?
Presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell
What is uniparental disomy?
What someone receives 2 copies of a chromosome or part of a chromosome from 1 parent and no copy from the other parent
Further lipid lowering therapies in statin induced necrotising myositis
Do not restart statins
Evolocumab
PCSK9 inhibitor
PCSK9 binds to LDL receptors causing internalisation of them and increased LDL in plasma
What HAART can cause depression?
Efavirenz
What is anticoagulation indicated in membranous nephropathy?
Albumin 25g/L
Which gender has higher risk of progression to ESKD in membranous nephropathy?
Females
What is the primary treatment for high grade sarcomas?
Excision, then radiotherapy with positive margins
Metastasise to the lungs
What cardiac condition is assocaited with Noonan syndrome?
Pulmonary stenosis
