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Rheum and Derm Flashcards

1
Q

most common malignant primary bone tumor of children

A

osteosarcoma

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2
Q

most common benign bone tumor

A

osteochondroma

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3
Q

11;22 translocation

A

Ewing sarcoma

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4
Q

“sunburst” pattern on x-ray

A

osteosarcoma

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5
Q

“soap-bubble” appearance on x-ray

A

giant cell (osteoclastoma)

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6
Q

“onion skin” appearance of bone

A

Ewing sarcoma

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7
Q

May be a hamartoma

A

osteochondroma

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8
Q

Codman’s triangle on x-ray

A

osteosarcoma

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9
Q

achondroplasia gene mutation

A

FGFR3

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10
Q

osteitis fibrosa cystica

A

von Recklinghausen dis of bone
hyperparathyroidism: high PTH -> high Ca and alk phos, low Phos
or psudeohypopaarathyroid: PTH resistance in renal tubules: low Ca and high phosphate
high PTH: excess osteoclasts -> Brown tumors in bone

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11
Q

excess osteoclast activity results in disorganized bony architecture

A

Paget’s

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12
Q

bone is replaced by fibroblasts, collagen, and irregular bony trabeculae

A

polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

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13
Q

defective mineralization of osteoid

A

rickets and osteomalacia

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14
Q

failure of bone resorption -> thickened and dense bone

A

osteopetrosis

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15
Q

genetic deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II

A

osteopetrosis

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16
Q

bone enlargement, bone pain, arthritis

A

Paget’s

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17
Q

vertebral compression fractures

A

osteoporosis

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18
Q

side effects of amiodarone

A

pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, hypo/hyperthyroid
check PFT, LFT, and TFT
also corneal deposits and photosensitivity

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19
Q

dislocated vs separated shoulder

A

dislocated: head of humerous out of glenoid cavity
separation: clavicle separates from the acromion and coracoid processes

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20
Q

anterior shoulder dislocation

A 
axillary n, posterior circumflex a
supraspinatous tendon
Brankart lesion (anterior glenohumeral ligaments)
Kill-Sachs lesion (posterolateral humeral head defect)
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21
Q

patellofemoral syndrome

A

most common cause of knee pain < 45 yo

anterior knee pain exacerbated by activity

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22
Q

Adhesive capsulitis

A

severe shoulder adhesions that lock the shoulder in place. commonly due to disuse of shoulder due to pain or prolonged immobilization
Tx: injections, PT, break under anesthesia

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23
Q

ligaments typically injured during an ankle sprain

A

anterior talofibullar (most common)
calcaneofibullar
posterior talofibullar

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24
Q

antibodies useful to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis

A 
rheumatoid factor (IgM against Fc IgG)
anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACPA)
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25
how do NSAIDs cause renal disease
renal ischemia: decreased production of prostaglandins causes afferent arteriole to vasoconstrict acute interstitial nephritis
26
swollen, hard, painful joint finger
osteoarthritis
27
swollen, boggy, painful joint finger
rheumatoid arthritis
28
cartilage erosion with polished bone beneath
osteoarthritis
29
pencil and cup deformity
psoriatic arthritis
30
acute gout medications
NSAIDS colchicine steroids
31
chronic gout medications
allopurinol (inhibits xanthine oxidase) | probenacid (inhibits reabsorption of uric acid)
32
sexually active 19 yo male presents with pink eye, arthritis of the right knee, and dysuria. what is the most likely diagnosis?
reactive arthrtitis | "can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree"
33
swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint
Gout
34
positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals
pseudogout
35
negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals
gout
36
bamboo spine on x-ray
ankylosing spondylitis
37
HLA-B27
seronegative spondyloarthropathies PAIR Psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel, Reactive arthritis
38
what bone disorder results from excess PTH
osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen)
39
systemic lupus diagnosis
4 of 11 of: SOAP BRAIN MD serositis, oral ulcers, arthritis, photosensitivity, blood disorder, renal disorder, ANA positive, Immunologic disorder, neurologic disorder, malar rash, discoid rash
40
drugs that cause drug-induced Lupus
``` SHIPP sulfonamides hydralazine isoniazid phenytoin procainamide ```
41
anti-smith and anti-dsDNA
SLE
42
anti-histone Ab
drug-induced lupus
43
antic-centromere Ab
CREST
44
CREST Scleroderma
``` Calcinosis Raynaud's phenomenon Esophageal dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangiectasia ```
45
anti-topoisomerase Ab
diffuse scleroderma
46
anti-Jo-1 Ab
polymyositis
47
anti-Ro
Sjogren's
48
facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young woman
SLE
49
arthritis, dry mouth, and dry eyes
Sjogren's
50
most common cause of death in SLE
renal failure | nephritis
51
atopic dermatitis
AKA eczema | pruritic eruption associated with asthma and allergies
52
Pathopysiology of acne
Hyperkeratosis (Tx vit A analogs, retinoids) Sebum overproduction (isotretinoin, spironolactone, estrogens) Propionibacterium acnes (erythromycin, benzoyl peroxide) inflammtion (steroids)
53
hallmark of necrotizing fasciitis
crepitus, purple color, rapidly spreads, tenderness beyond borders caused by anaerobes and s. pyogenes
54
pruritic, purple, polygonal papules
lichen planus
55
pruritus associated with asthma
eczema (atopic dermatitis)
56
pruritic vesicles associated with celiac disease
dermatitis herpetiformis
57
allergy to nickel
type IV hypersensitivity
58
antibodies against epidermal basement membrane
bullous pemphigoid
59
antibodies against cell-cell adhesions
pemphigous vulgaris
60
parakeratotic scaling
psoriasis
61
keratin-filled cysts
seborrheic keratosis
62
sand-paper; predisposition to squamous cell cancer
actinic keratosis
63
honey-crusting lesions common about nose and lips
impetigo
64
hyperkeratosis and koilocytosis
verrucae (warts)
65
histology showing palisading nuclei
basal cell carcinoma
66
keratin pearls on skin biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma
67
most common malignant skin tumor
basal cell carcinoma
68
skin rash and proximal muscle weakness
dermatomyositis
69
75 year old man presents with acute knee pain and swelling. An x-ray reveals absence of erosion of the joint space, but there are calcium deposits in the menisci. What is the diagnosis, and what would you find on aspiration of the joint?
pseudogout with calcium pyrophosphate crystals
70
what are the common locations for tophi in gout patients?
external ear olecranon bursa achilles tendon

DIT (28 decks)

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