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DIT > Rheum and Derm > Flashcards

Rheum and Derm Flashcards

1
Q

most common malignant primary bone tumor of children

A

osteosarcoma

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2
Q

most common benign bone tumor

A

osteochondroma

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3
Q

11;22 translocation

A

Ewing sarcoma

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4
Q

“sunburst” pattern on x-ray

A

osteosarcoma

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5
Q

“soap-bubble” appearance on x-ray

A

giant cell (osteoclastoma)

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6
Q

“onion skin” appearance of bone

A

Ewing sarcoma

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7
Q

May be a hamartoma

A

osteochondroma

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8
Q

Codman’s triangle on x-ray

A

osteosarcoma

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9
Q

achondroplasia gene mutation

A

FGFR3

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10
Q

osteitis fibrosa cystica

A

von Recklinghausen dis of bone
hyperparathyroidism: high PTH -> high Ca and alk phos, low Phos
or psudeohypopaarathyroid: PTH resistance in renal tubules: low Ca and high phosphate
high PTH: excess osteoclasts -> Brown tumors in bone

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11
Q

excess osteoclast activity results in disorganized bony architecture

A

Paget’s

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12
Q

bone is replaced by fibroblasts, collagen, and irregular bony trabeculae

A

polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

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13
Q

defective mineralization of osteoid

A

rickets and osteomalacia

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14
Q

failure of bone resorption -> thickened and dense bone

A

osteopetrosis

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15
Q

genetic deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II

A

osteopetrosis

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16
Q

bone enlargement, bone pain, arthritis

A

Paget’s

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17
Q

vertebral compression fractures

A

osteoporosis

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18
Q

side effects of amiodarone

A

pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, hypo/hyperthyroid
check PFT, LFT, and TFT
also corneal deposits and photosensitivity

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19
Q

dislocated vs separated shoulder

A

dislocated: head of humerous out of glenoid cavity
separation: clavicle separates from the acromion and coracoid processes

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20
Q

anterior shoulder dislocation

A 
axillary n, posterior circumflex a
supraspinatous tendon
Brankart lesion (anterior glenohumeral ligaments)
Kill-Sachs lesion (posterolateral humeral head defect)
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21
Q

patellofemoral syndrome

A

most common cause of knee pain < 45 yo

anterior knee pain exacerbated by activity

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22
Q

Adhesive capsulitis

A

severe shoulder adhesions that lock the shoulder in place. commonly due to disuse of shoulder due to pain or prolonged immobilization
Tx: injections, PT, break under anesthesia

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23
Q

ligaments typically injured during an ankle sprain

A

anterior talofibullar (most common)
calcaneofibullar
posterior talofibullar

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24
Q

antibodies useful to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis

A 
rheumatoid factor (IgM against Fc IgG)
anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACPA)
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25
Q

how do NSAIDs cause renal disease

A

renal ischemia: decreased production of prostaglandins causes afferent arteriole to vasoconstrict
acute interstitial nephritis

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26
Q

swollen, hard, painful joint finger

A

osteoarthritis

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27
Q

swollen, boggy, painful joint finger

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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28
Q

cartilage erosion with polished bone beneath

A

osteoarthritis

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29
Q

pencil and cup deformity

A

psoriatic arthritis

30
Q

acute gout medications

A

NSAIDS
colchicine
steroids

31
Q

chronic gout medications

A

allopurinol (inhibits xanthine oxidase)

probenacid (inhibits reabsorption of uric acid)

32
Q

sexually active 19 yo male presents with pink eye, arthritis of the right knee, and dysuria. what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

reactive arthrtitis

“can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree”

33
Q

swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint

A

Gout

34
Q

positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals

A

pseudogout

35
Q

negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals

A

gout

36
Q

bamboo spine on x-ray

A

ankylosing spondylitis

37
Q

HLA-B27

A

seronegative spondyloarthropathies
PAIR
Psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel, Reactive arthritis

38
Q

what bone disorder results from excess PTH

A

osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen)

39
Q

systemic lupus diagnosis

A

4 of 11 of:
SOAP BRAIN MD
serositis, oral ulcers, arthritis, photosensitivity, blood disorder, renal disorder, ANA positive, Immunologic disorder, neurologic disorder, malar rash, discoid rash

40
Q

drugs that cause drug-induced Lupus

A 
SHIPP
sulfonamides
hydralazine
isoniazid
phenytoin
procainamide
41
Q

anti-smith and anti-dsDNA

A

SLE

42
Q

anti-histone Ab

A

drug-induced lupus

43
Q

antic-centromere Ab

A

CREST

44
Q

CREST Scleroderma

A 
Calcinosis
Raynaud's phenomenon
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia
45
Q

anti-topoisomerase Ab

A

diffuse scleroderma

46
Q

anti-Jo-1 Ab

A

polymyositis

47
Q

anti-Ro

A

Sjogren’s

48
Q

facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young woman

A

SLE

49
Q

arthritis, dry mouth, and dry eyes

A

Sjogren’s

50
Q

most common cause of death in SLE

A

renal failure

nephritis

51
Q

atopic dermatitis

A

AKA eczema

pruritic eruption associated with asthma and allergies

52
Q

Pathopysiology of acne

A

Hyperkeratosis (Tx vit A analogs, retinoids)
Sebum overproduction (isotretinoin, spironolactone, estrogens)
Propionibacterium acnes (erythromycin, benzoyl peroxide)
inflammtion (steroids)

53
Q

hallmark of necrotizing fasciitis

A

crepitus, purple color, rapidly spreads, tenderness beyond borders
caused by anaerobes and s. pyogenes

54
Q

pruritic, purple, polygonal papules

A

lichen planus

55
Q

pruritus associated with asthma

A

eczema (atopic dermatitis)

56
Q

pruritic vesicles associated with celiac disease

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

57
Q

allergy to nickel

A

type IV hypersensitivity

58
Q

antibodies against epidermal basement membrane

A

bullous pemphigoid

59
Q

antibodies against cell-cell adhesions

A

pemphigous vulgaris

60
Q

parakeratotic scaling

A

psoriasis

61
Q

keratin-filled cysts

A

seborrheic keratosis

62
Q

sand-paper; predisposition to squamous cell cancer

A

actinic keratosis

63
Q

honey-crusting lesions common about nose and lips

A

impetigo

64
Q

hyperkeratosis and koilocytosis

A

verrucae (warts)

65
Q

histology showing palisading nuclei

A

basal cell carcinoma

66
Q

keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

67
Q

most common malignant skin tumor

A

basal cell carcinoma

68
Q

skin rash and proximal muscle weakness

A

dermatomyositis

69
Q

75 year old man presents with acute knee pain and swelling. An x-ray reveals absence of erosion of the joint space, but there are calcium deposits in the menisci. What is the diagnosis, and what would you find on aspiration of the joint?

A

pseudogout with calcium pyrophosphate crystals

70
Q

what are the common locations for tophi in gout patients?

A

external ear
olecranon bursa
achilles tendon

DIT (28 decks)

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