exotoxins

Question 1

G+ or G- produce exotoxins

Answer 1

Gram positives

Question 2

inhibits ACh release, flaccid paralysis

Answer 2

botulinum

Question 3

phospholipase that causes gas gangrene

Answer 3

clostridium alpha toxin

Question 4

inhibits the inhibitor of adenylate cyclase -> whooping cough

Answer 4

pertussis toxin

Question 5

stimulates adenylate cyclase -> chloride and water into gut, diarrhea

Answer 5

cholera and heat-labile ETEC

Question 6

destroys leukocytes

Answer 6

s. aurues

hemolysis and panton-valentine leukoceidin

Question 7

composed of edema factor, lethal factor, and protective antigen

Answer 7

anthracis

Question 8

enterotoxin causing rice-water diarrhea

Answer 8

vibrio cholera, heat labile ETEC

Question 9

causes scarlet fever

Answer 9

strep pyogenes

Question 10

causes toxic shock syndrome

Answer 10

TSST-1 (s aureus)

Question 11

inactivates EF-2 -> pseudomembranous pharyngitis

Answer 11

diptheria

Question 12

inactivates EF-2 -> host cell death

Answer 12

exotoxin A from Pseudomonas

Question 13

blocks the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine

Answer 13

tetanospasmin

Question 14

corynebacterium diptheriae

Answer 14

diphtheria toxin (inactivates EF-2)

Question 15

Pseudomonas

Answer 15

exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2 and causes cell death)

Question 16

Shigella

Answer 16

shiga toxin (inactivates 60S ribosomes)
GI mucosal damage -> dysentery, HUS

Question 17

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (o157:H7)

Answer 17

shiga-like toxin (inactivates 60S ribosome)

HUS and bloody diarrhea

Question 18

ETEC

Answer 18

Heat-labile (overactivates adenylate cyclase -> increases Cl secretion)
heat-stable (overactivates guanylate cyclase -> decrease NaCL resorption)
both cause watery diarrhea

Question 19

bacillus anthracis

Answer 19

edema factor (mimics adenylate cyclase)
black eschar

Question 20

vibrio cholerae

Answer 20

cholera toxin (overactivates adenylate cyclase by permanently activating Gs)

Question 21

Bordatella pertussis

Answer 21

overactivates adenylate cyclase by disabling Gi

whooping cough

Question 22

Clostridium tetani

Answer 22

tetanospasmin cleaves SNARE

prevents release of GABA and glycine

Question 23

clostridium botulinum

Answer 23

botulinum toxins A-G cleave SNARE

flaccid paralysis prevents stimulatory ACh signals

Question 24

clostridium perfringens

Answer 24

alpha toxin degrades tissue and cell membranes (phospholipase)
myenecrosis and hemolysis because of degradation of phospholipase C

Question 25

streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 25

streptolysin O degrades cell membranes and lyses RBC | antibodies used to diagnose rheumatic fever

Question 26

staphylococcus aureus

Answer 26

toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) acts as superantigen

Question 27

streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 27

Exotoxin A acts as superantigen