Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DIT > Heme > Flashcards

Heme Flashcards

1
Q

preferred anticoagulant for immediate anticoagulation

A

heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

long-term anticoagulation

A

warfarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what allows RBC to change shape in vessels

A

spectrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lead poisoning

A

basophilic stippling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

G6PD deficiency

A

Heinz bodies and bite cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DIC

A

schistocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

abetalipoproteinemia

A

acanthocytes (spur cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

asplenia

A

howell-jolly bodies and target cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

liver disease

A

acanthocytes and target cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

bone marrow infiltration (myelofibrosis)

A

teardrop cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Target cells

A

THAL

Thallasemia, HbC disease, Asplenia, Liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

absence of HGPRTase

A

Lesch-Nyhan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

deficiency of aldolase B

A

fructose intolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

deficiency of cystathionine synthase

A

homocystineuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

galactose-1-phophate uridyl transferase deficiency -> intellectual disability, HSM, cataracts

A

galactosemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

deficiency of tyrosinase

A

albinism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

location of fetal erythropoiesis

A 
Young livers synthesize blood
yolk sac
liver
spleen
bone marrow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

different causes of polycythemia

A

increased EPO (tumors)
chronic hypoxia
polycythemia vera
trisomy 21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

lead poisoning

A

hematologic: microcytic anemia, basophilic stippling, ringed sideroblasts
non-hematologic: encephalopathy, memory loss, HA, foot/wrist drop, lead lines, abdominal colick, renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lead poisoning affects which enzymes

A

ferrochelatase and ALA dehydratase

leads to accumulation of protoporphyrin and d-ALA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

acute intermittent porphyria

A

inhibits porphobilinogen deaminase (uroporphyrinogen-1-synthase)
accumulates porphobilinogen, d-ALA, and uroporphyrin
5 P’s:
painful abdomen, port-wine urine, polyneuropathy, psychological disturbances, precipitated by drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

treatment of acute intermittent porphyria

A

glucose and heme (inhibits ALA synthase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

porphyria cutanea tarda

A

uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
accumulates uroporphyrin
blistering cutaneous photosensitivity, hypertrichosis, facial hyperpigmentation, Hep C and alcoholism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

RLS of Heme synthesis

A

d-ALA synthase (d-aminolevulinic acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

diagnose beta-thalassemia minor

A

HbA2 on electrophoresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

lab findings of iron def:

A

decreased iron and ferritin, increased TIBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what should be ruled out in 50 yo pt with new-onset iron deficiency anemia

A

colon cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

microcytic anemia + swallowing difficulty + glossitis

A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

microcytic anemia + >3.5% HbA2

A

B-thalassemia minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

megaloblastic anemia not correctable by B12 or folate

A

orotic aciduria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

megaloblastic anemia along with peripheral neuropathy

A

B12 deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

microcytic anemia + basophilic stippling

A

lead poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

microcytic anemia reversible with B6

A

sideroblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

HIV-positive patient with macrocytic anemia

A

Zidovudine induced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Normocytic anemia and elevated creatinine

A

chronic renal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

causes of hypochromic, microcytic anemias

A

iron deficiency, thalassemia, lead poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia (B12 or folate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

skull x-ray shows a “hair-on-end” appearance

A

marrow hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

basophilic stippling of RBC

A

lead poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

findings associated with hereditary spherocytosis

A

anemia, jaundice, pigmented gallstones, splenomegaly, spherocytes
+ osmotic fragility test
(-) Coombs test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Ham’s test

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

cells lyse when placed in acid (now use flow cytometry to look for no CD55/CD59)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Heinz bodies

A

G6PD deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

painful cyanosis of fingers and toes, with hemolytic anemia

A

cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

red urine in the morning, and fragile RBC

A

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

basophilic nuclear remains in RBC

A

howell-jolly body

46
Q

autosplenectomy

A

sickle cell disease

47
Q

drug used to treat sickle cell disease

A

hydroxyurea

48
Q

what does ADP and TxA2 do

A

ADP: induces GpIIb/IIIa expression on platelets
TxA2: promotes crosslinking of GpIIb/IIIa by fribrinogen

49
Q

cause of ITP

A

Ab against GpIIb/IIIa

lab shows increased megakaryocytes

50
Q

Bernard-Soulier disease

A

defective GpIb

51
Q

mom bleeds profusely from vagina and later gums after delivery

52
Q

DIC

A

increased BT, PT, PTT, D-dimers
decreased platelets and fibrinogen
STOP Making Thrombi
Sepsis, trauma, obstetrics, pancreatitis, malignancy, transfusions

53
Q

antiplatelet antibodies

A

immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)

54
Q

most common inherited bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand disease

55
Q

HUS-TTP

A

HUS triad: hemolysis (microangiopathic), renal insufficiency, thrombocytopenia
TTP adds neurologic symptoms and fever

56
Q

TTP

A

defect in ADAMTS 13 that causes failure to breakdown vWF multimers

57
Q

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia

A

deficient GpIIb/IIIa

lab shows no platelet clumping

58
Q

age distributions for Hodgkin and non-hodgkin lymphoma

A

Hodgkin peak at 20 and >65

non-Hodgkin variable but 20-40 common

59
Q

most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults and children

A

adult: diffuse large B cell lymphoma
children: lymphoblastic lymphoma

60
Q

most common lymphoma in US

A

diffuse large B-cell

61
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

62
Q

particularly associated with EBV

A

Burkitt, also Hodgkin lymphoma

63
Q

associated with long-term celiac disease

A

intestinal

64
Q

lymphoma equivalent of CLL

A

small lymphocytic lymphoma

65
Q

“starry-sky pattern” due to phagocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells

66
Q

associated with Sjogren, Hashimoto thyroiditis, and H. pylori

A

marginal cell MALToma

67
Q

cancer most commonly associated with a noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

68
Q

sheets of lymphoid cells, with a “starry sky” appearance

69
Q

large B cells with bilobed nuclei and prominent Owl’s eye inclusions

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

70
Q

thyroid cells with optically clear nuclei

A

papillary carcinoma of thyroid

71
Q

anemia with hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia

72
Q

branching rods on oral infection

A

actinomyces israelii

73
Q

eczema + recurrent infections + thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott-aldrich syndrome

74
Q

hemosiderinuria + thrombosis

A

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

75
Q

CD30 and CD15+ B cells

A

Reed-sternberg cells in Hodgkin’s lymphoma

76
Q

t(8:14)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

c-myc activation

77
Q

t(14:18)

A

diffuse large B cell and follicular lymphoma

bcl-2 activation

78
Q

t(11:14)

A

mantle cell lymphoma

cyclin D1 activation

79
Q

caused by HTLV-1

A

adult T-cell lymphoma

80
Q

t(9:22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome in CML

bcr-abl

81
Q

t(15:17)

A

AML (pro-myelocytic)

responsive to all-trans retinoic acid

82
Q

t(8:21)

A

AML in Down syndrome

83
Q

anemia, hypercalcemia, and bone pain has BM biopsy that shows plasma cells

A

multiple myeloma

84
Q

most common leukemia in children

85
Q

most common leukemia in adults in US

86
Q

characteristic Auer rods

87
Q

myelodysplastic syndromes have a tendency to progress to

88
Q

myeloproliferative disorders may progress to

89
Q

more than 20% blasts in marrow

A

acute leukemia

90
Q

leukemia with more mature cells and <5% blasts

A

chronic leukemia

91
Q

PAS (+) acute leukemia

92
Q

commonly presents with bone pain

93
Q

numerous basophils, splenomegaly, and negative for leukocytic alkalnine phosphate (LAP)

94
Q

always positive for philadelphia chromosome t(9:22)

95
Q

acute leukemia positive for peroxidase

96
Q

solid sheets of lymphoblasts in marrow

97
Q

PAS - acute leukemia

98
Q

always associated with bcr-abl gene

99
Q

“smudge” cells

100
Q

“punched out” lytic bone lesions

A

multiple myeloma

101
Q

RBCs clumped together like a stack of coins

A

multiple myeloma

102
Q

monoclonal antibody spike

A

multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), or Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

103
Q

reddish-pink rods in cytoplasm of leukemic blasts

A

Auer rods in AML

104
Q

CD13/33 +

105
Q

may progress to AML or ALL

106
Q

95% have B cell markers

107
Q

associated with Down syndrome

A

ALL and AML

108
Q

associated with pancytopenia

A

Acute leukemia

109
Q

pancytopenia

A

anemia
bleeding tendency
infection

110
Q

multiple myeloma

A 
think CRAB
hyperCalcemia
Renal insufficiency
Anemia
Back pain/lytic Bone lesions
111
Q

auer rods: what genetic mutation

A

t(15:17)

AML

DIT (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions