DIT Random questions

Question 1

positive leukocyte esterase test

Answer 1

bacterial UTI

Question 2

positive nitrite test

Answer 2

gram-negative bacterial UTI

Question 3

Bugs that cause UTI

Answer 3

E. coli (80%)
Staph saprophyticus
Klebsiella pneumoniea
Proteus

Question 4

Cause staghorn calculi

Answer 4

Proteus because they are urease positive and can make ammonium-magnesium stones

Question 5

antibiotics to treat UTI

Answer 5

sulfonamides with trimethoprim
aminopenicillins
fluoroquinolones
nitrofurantoin

Question 6

What drugs have photosensitivity?

Answer 6

SAT: sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracycline

Question 7

What drugs cause sulfa allergy?

Answer 7

Sulfa Pills Frequently Cause Terrible Acute Symptoms:
Sulfasalazine
Probenecid
Furosemide
Celecoxib
Thiazides/TMP-SMX
Acetazolamide
Sulfonylureas

Question 8

What drugs cause Steven-Johnson syndrome?

Answer 8

Penicillins
Sulfa drugs: Sulfa pills frequently cause terrible acute symptoms
Allopurinol
Seizure drugs: ethosuximide, lanotrigine, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin

Question 9

UTI Prophylaxis

Answer 9

TMP-SMX

Question 10

Why should B-Blocker not be used in cocaine intoxication?

Answer 10

B-Blocker will cause an unopposed a1 activation by cocaine and lead to severe hypotension

Question 11

Causes of maculopapular rash on hands and feet

Answer 11

You drive Kawasaki CARS with your hands and feet:
Kawasaki
Coxsackie A 
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Syphilis

Question 12

Diseases with Bell’s Palsy as a complication

Answer 12

my Lovely bell Had An STD
Lyme Disease Herpes
Aids Sarcoidosis
Tumors Diabetes

Question 13

Leprosy drug cocktail

Answer 13

dapsone, rifampin, clofazimine

Question 14

TB drug cocktail

Answer 14

RIPE + pyridoxine (B6)
Rifampin, INH, pyrizinamide, ethambutol
pyridoxine prevents neurtoxicity of INH

Question 15

Ricketsial triad

Answer 15

Headache, fever, rash

Question 16

atypical interstital pneumonia bugs

Answer 16

Chlamydia pneumoniae
Legionella pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 17

Direct pathway of basal ganglia

Answer 17

Thalamus and DA (D1 from SNc) are positive on Neostriatum (direct path)
Neostriatum neg on GP interior
GP interior normally negative on Thalamus, so it is inhibited and thalamus is positive on cortex for movement

Question 18

Indirect pathway of basal ganglia

Answer 18

Cerebral cortex positive on neostriatum (indirect path) and subthalamic nucleus
DA (D2 receptor from SNc) is negative on indirect path when released
indirect is negative on GP exterior (shuts off)
GP exterior normally negative on subthalamic, so now subthalamus is not inhibited
subthalamus is positive on GP int, so thalamus in inhibited and movement inhibited

Question 19

cherry-red spot on the macula

Answer 19

Tay-sachs, Nieman Pick, central retinal a. occlusion

Question 20

cough, conjunctivitis, coryza

Answer 20

measles

Question 21

nephritis, hearing loss, cataracts

Answer 21

Alport syndrome

Question 22

no milk production in post-partum time

Answer 22

Sheehan’s

Question 23

pigmented hamartomas in the iris

Answer 23

lisch nodules in neurofibromatosis

Question 24

Owl’s eye inclusions

Answer 24

CMV

Question 25

Owl’s eye nucleus

Answer 25

Reed-sternberg cells (Hodgkin)

Question 26

Owl’s eye protozoan

Answer 26

Giardia lamblia

Question 27

50 yo male with new unexplained skin yellowing and no other symptoms

Answer 27

pancreatic cancer

painless jaundice

Question 28

precursor for ACTH synthesis

Answer 28

proopiomelanocortin (POMC)

Question 29

what affect does leptin have

Answer 29

inhibits lateral n and stimulates ventromedial n of hypothalamus
this causes satiety