Drug antidotes

Question 1

Acetaminophen (>12 g in 24 hrs)

Answer 1

N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)

Question 2

Salicylates (N/V dizziness, tinnitus)

Answer 2

NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis

Question 3

Amphetamines (basic)

Answer 3

NH4Cl (acidify urine)

Question 4

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, organophosphates

Answer 4

atropine (relieves symptoms), pralidoxime (reverses AChE)

Question 5

Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents

Answer 5

physostigmine salicylate, control hyperthermia

Question 6

B-blockers and verapamil

Answer 6

glucagon (increase cAMP in myocardium)
Atropine (increase HR)
Ca (increase contractility)

Question 7

Digitalis

Answer 7

KLAM: normalize K, Lidocaine, Anti-dig Fab, Mg

Question 8

Iron

abdominal pain, hematemesis, melena, lethargy

Answer 8

deferoxamine, deferasirox

Question 9

Lead

developmental delay, nonspecific GI issues

Answer 9

CaEDTA, dimercaprol, succimer

Question 10

Mercury, arsenic, gold

Answer 10

Dimercaprol, succimer

Question 11

copper, arsenic, gold

Answer 11

penicillamine

Question 12

cyanide

Answer 12

nitrate + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin

Question 13

Methemoglobin

Answer 13

Methylene blue, vit C

Question 14

Carbon monoxide

kerosene lamps, heaters

Answer 14

cherry red lips

100% O2, hyperbaric O2

Question 15

Methanol, ethylene glycol

Answer 15

Fomepizole (inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase) > ethanol, dialysis

Question 16

Opioids

Answer 16

Naloxone, naltrexone

Question 17

Benzodiazepines

Answer 17

Flumazenil

Question 18

TCA’s

Answer 18

NaHCO3

Question 19

Heparin

Answer 19

protamine

Question 20

Warfarin

Answer 20

Vit K, fresh frozen plasma

Question 21

tPA, streptokinase, urokinase

Answer 21

Aminocaproic acid

Question 22

Theophylline (tachycardia, bad COPD)

Answer 22

B-blocker