Oncology Flashcards
epithelium tumors
benign: adenoma, papilloma
malignant: adenocarcinoma, papillary carcinoma
blood cell cancer
malignant leukemia or lymphoma
blood vessel cancer
benign: hemangioma
malignant: angiosarcoma
smooth muscle cancer
benign: leiomyoma
malignant: leiomyosarcoma
striated muscle cancer
benign: rhabdomyoma
malignant: rhabdomyosarcoma
connective tissue cancer
benign: fibroma
malignant: fibrosarcoma
bone tumor
benign: osteoma
malignant: osteosarcoma
fat tumor
benign: lipoma
malignant: liposarcoma
carcinoma denotes
epithelial origin
sarcoma denotes
mesenchymal origin
CEA
colorectal and pancreatic cancer marker
AFP
hepatocellular carcinomas, nonseminomatous germ cell tumors
B-hCG
hydatidiform moles and choriocarcinoma
CA-125
ovarian
S-100
melanoma, neural tumors, schwannoma
alkaline phophatase
mets to bone, liver, Paget’s disease
bombesin
neuroblastoma, lung and gastric cancer
TRAP
tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
seen in hairy cell leukemia (B cell)
CA-19-9
pancreatic adenocarcinoma
calcitonin
medullary thyroid carcinoma
Psammoma bodies
Papillary thyroid serous ovarian meningioma mesothelioma PSaMMoma bodies
ACTH or ACTH-like peptide
Cushing’s syndrome
small cell lung carcinoma
ADH
SIADH
small cell lung carcinoma, intracranial neoplasms
PTHrP
hypercalcemia
squamous cell lung carcinoma, renal cell, breast cancer
1.25-OHs-D3 (calcitriol)
hypercalcemia
Hodgkin’s
erythropoietin
polycythemiarenal cell, hemangioblastoma, hepatocellular, pheochromocytoma
Ab against Ca channels at NMJ
lambert-eaton
small cell lung cancer
primary immune cell involved in host tumor immune surveilance
cytotoxic T cell
how can tumor cells evade cytotoxic T cells
remove MHC-I from surface
how might tumor cells induce apoptosis in T cells
expressing FASL on surface
mechanism of methotrexate differ from %5-fluorouracil
meth: inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
5-FU: inhibits thymidylate synthase
body metabolize 6-mercaptopurine
xanthine oxidase
rheumatoid disease and ectopic pregnancies
methotrexate
alkylates DNA, toxicity is pulmonary fibrosis
busulfan
fragments DNA, toxicity is pulmonary fibrosis
bleomycin
blocks purine synthesis, metabolized by xanthine oxidase
6-mercaptopurine
nitrogen mustard, alkylates DNA (electrophile that binds DNA)
nitrosureaa
intercalates DNA, produces oxygen free radicals, cardiotoxic
daunorubicin, doxorubicin
DNA alkylating agent used in brain cancer
nitrosureas
applied topically for actinic keratosis and basal cell cancers
5-fluorouracil
treatment for childhood tumors (Ewing, Wilms, rhabdo)
dactinomycin
hemorrhagic cystitis
cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide
pulmonary fibrosis
busulfan, bleomycin
methotrexate (fibrotic lung)
methotrexate myelosuppression is reversible with what
leucovorin
prevent cardiotoxicity of daunorubicn and doxorubicin with
dexrazoxane (iron chelator)
nephrotoxic and ototoxic drugs
vancomycin
aminoglycosides
loop diuretics
cisplatin and carboplatin
used to treat choriocarcinoma
vincristine and methotrexate
treat testicular cancer
Eradicate Ball Disease
etoposide, bleomycin, cisplatin
ifosfamide can replace bleomycin
cross-link DNA, nephrotoxic, ototoxic
cisplatin, carboplain
prevents tubulin disassembly
paclitaxel
inhibits ribonucleotide reductase
hydroxyurea (S-phase specific)
inhibitor of the mutated tyrosine kinase produced by the Philadelphia chromosome
imatinib
monoclonal antibody against HER2
trastuzumab
SERM that does not increase the risk of endometrial cancer
raloxifene
side effects of glucocorticoids
BAM CUSHINGOID
peripheral neuropathy
vincristine
cardiotoxic
trastuzumab
daunorbucin
doxorubacin