Review Questions for Exam #3 Flashcards
Which of the following best describes a
hormone?
a. A chemical messenger transported by the bloodstream that stimulates target cells in another organ often a good distance away
b. Chemical messengers that diffuse from their point of origin locally to affect other cells physiology
c. Chemical messengers that travel across a synapse to stimulate another cell.
d. Junctions between cells interconnecting their cytoplasm.
a. A chemical messenger transported by the bloodstream that stimulates target cells in another organ often a good distance away
Which of the following is not an endocrine
organ?
a. Spleen
b. Pineal gland
c. Thymus
d. Neurohypophysis
a. Spleen
Which of the following is true regarding endocrine glands?
a. They secrete substances that do not alter the metabolism of their target cells, but have extracellular effects.
b. They secrete their products by way of ducts.
c. They have an unusually low density of blood capillaries
d. They release their secretions into the blood
d. They release their secretions into the blood
Diabetes insipidus is caused by __________.
a. cortisol hypersecretion
b. aldosterone hypersecretion
c. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
hyposecretion
d. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
hypersecretion
c. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
hyposecretion
Which of the following is not a hypothalamic hormone?
a. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
b. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
c. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
d. Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)
b. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone targets the __________.
a. thyroid gland
b. hypothalamus
c. posterior pituitary
d. anterior pituitary
d. anterior pituitary
The hormone called _________ plays an
important role in synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of daylight and darkness.
a. calcitonin
b. melanin
c. melatonin
d. hepcidin
c. melatonin
Many hours after a meal, alpha (α) cells in the pancreatic islets secrete _________, which _________ blood glucose.
a. glucagon; lowers
b. glucagon; raises
c. insulin; lowers
d. insulin; raises
b. glucagon; raises
Parathyroid hormone promotes which of the following?
a. The resorption of calcium from bone
b. Increased osteoblast activity
c. Decreased absorption of calcium from the small intestine
d. Increased calcium levels in the urine
a. The resorption of calcium from bone
The absence of iodine in the diet leads to __________.
a. hypoparathyroidism
b. hypocalcemia
c. hypothyroidism
d. hypoglycemia
hypothyroidism
Which of the following endocrine glands is inferior in location to the rest?
a. The thyroid
b. The thymus
c. The adrenal gland
d. The pineal body
e. The pituitary gland
c. The adrenal gland
Which of the following is true regarding the nervous and endocrine systems?
a. The nervous system responds more
quickly than the endocrine system.
b. Effects of the nervous system last longer than those of the endocrine system.
c. The effects of the nervous system are more widespread than those of the
endocrine system.
d. The nervous system uses chemical
messengers while the endocrine system does not.
a. The nervous system responds more
quickly than the endocrine system.
Which of the following is the correct abbreviation for the hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH?
a. CRH
b. GHRH
c. GHIH
d. APRH
e. TRH
a. CRH
Which of the following is not a function of blood?
a. Transports a variety of nutrients
b. Helps to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids
c. Participates in the initiation of blood
clotting
d. Produces plasma hormones
e. Helps to regulate body temperature
d. Produces plasma hormones
Which of the following is not contained in the buffy coat?
a. Lymphocytes
b. Granulocytes
c. Erythrocytes
d. Agranulocytes
e. Platelets
c. Erythrocytes
Blood serum is essentially the same as blood plasma, except that plasma contains __________ and serum does not.
a. platelets
b. nitrogenous wastes
c. fibrinogen
d. glucose
e. albumin
c. fibrinogen
What is the most abundant protein in plasma?
a. Insulin
b. Creatine
c. Bilirubin
d. Albumin
e. Creatinine
d. Albumin
Which of the following is a characteristic of mature red blood cells?
a. They are able to undergo mitosis.
b. They lack a nucleus.
c. They have numerous mitochondria.
d. They carry most of the carbon dioxide that is transported in the blood.
e. They play an important role in immune defense.
b. They lack a nucleus.
The viscosity of blood is due more to the presence of __________ than to any other factor.
a. fibrin
b. albumin
c. sodium
d. erythrocytes
e. nitrogenous wastes
d. erythrocytes
Most oxygen is transported in the blood bound to __________.
a. the plasma membrane of erythrocytes
b. alpha chains in hemoglobin
c. beta chains in hemoglobin
d. delta chains in hemoglobin
e. heme groups in hemoglobin
e. heme groups in hemoglobin
Erythropoiesis is stimulated by a hormone that is secreted by which of the following?
a. The pituitary gland
b. The bone marrow
c. The kidneys
d. The thymus
e. The spleen
c. The kidneys
What is the average life span of red blood cells?
a. 4 to 5 days
b. 10 days
c. 20 days
d. 120 days
e. Several decades
d. 120 days
What determines whether a person has type A, B, or O blood?
a. Antibodies in blood plasma that react against foreign red blood cells
b. Antibody receptors on the surface of red blood cells
c. Glycolipids that act as antigens on the surface of red blood cells
d. Variant structures of hemoglobin within red blood cells
e. The presence or absence of spectrin in plasma membranes of red blood cells
c. Glycolipids that act as antigens on the surface of red blood cells
A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to someone of type __________ and can receive RBCs from someone of type __________.
a. O; AB
b. AB; O
c. A; B
d. B; A
e. O; O
b. AB; O
A person with type AB blood has __________ RBC antigen(s).
a. no
b. anti-A and anti-B
c. anti-A
d. anti-B
e. A and B
e. A and B
What is the largest leukocyte that contains small cytoplasmic granules and typically a kidney- or horseshoe-shaped nucleus?
a. Monocyte
b. Lymphocyte
c. Neutrophil
d. Eosinophil
e. Basophil
a. Monocyte