Etsey Exam #3

Question 1

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?

It absorbs dietary lipids.
It returns excess fluid from tissues to the blood.
It transports nutrients to tissues.
It provides immunity.
It returns proteins to the blood.

Answer 1

It transports nutrients to tissues.

Question 2

Which stomach cell secretes pepsinogen?

Goblet cell
Chief cell
Mucous cell
Parietal cell
Enteroendocrine cell

Answer 2

Chief cell

Question 3

Which of the following is true regarding endocrine glands?

They secrete substances that do not alter the metabolism of their target cells, but have extracellular effects.
Their secretions may be released onto the body surface.
They have an unusually low density of blood capillaries.
They secrete their products by way of ducts.
They release their secretions into the blood.

Answer 3

They release their secretions into the blood.

Question 4

What is the correct order of the branches off the aortic arch from right to left?

Brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery, left common carotid artery
Brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, left common carotid artery
Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
Right subclavian artery, brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery

Answer 4

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic of mature red blood cells?

They have numerous mitochondria.
They are able to undergo mitosis.
They carry most of the carbon dioxide that is transported in the blood.
They lack a nucleus.
They play an important role in immune defense.

Answer 5

They lack a nucleus

Question 6

Which hormone leads to increased osteoclast activity and elevates the blood calcium concentration?

ACTH
Calcitriol
Parathyroid hormone
Aldosterone
Calcitonin

Answer 6

Parathyroid hormone

Question 7

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

Heat transfer

Nutrient transport

Hormone production

Clotting

pH buffering

Answer 7

Hormone production

Question 8

What is the correct order of structures through which air flows into the respiratory tract?

Pharynx; larynx; trachea; bronchi; bronchioles
Larynx; pharynx; trachea; bronchi; bronchioles
Pharynx; trachea; larynx; bronchi; bronchioles
Larynx; pharynx; bronchi; trachea; bronchioles
Larynx; pharynx; trachea; bronchioles; bronchi

Answer 8

Pharynx; larynx; trachea; bronchi; bronchioles

Question 9

Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the immune system fails to distinguish __________ from foreign ones.

self-complement proteins
self-interleukins
self-antibodies
self-immunoglobulins
self-antigens

Answer 9

self-antigens

Question 10

Which type of cell repairs damaged alveolar epithelium?

Alveolar macrophages
Great (type II) alveolar cells
T lymphocytes
Goblet cells
Squamous (type I) alveolar cells

Answer 10

Great (type II) alveolar cells

Question 11

Which structure in the fetus enables blood to bypass the lungs and pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium?

Bulbus cordis

Truncus arteriosus

Foramen ovale

Sinus venosus

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 11

Foramen ovale

Question 12

Where do T cells become immunocompetent?

Yolk sac

Spleen

Bone marrow

Thymus

Lymph nodes

Answer 12

Thymus

Question 13

Which of the following is associated with veins but not arteries?

A tunica media with abundant elastic fibers

Valves

A tunica media with abundant smooth muscle

Fenestrations

Continuous endothelium

Answer 13

Valves

Question 14

Which of the following routes of blood flow is correct?

Heart → conducting artery → distributing artery → arteriole → capillary → venule → medium vein → large vein → heart
Heart → distributing artery → conducting artery → arteriole → capillary → venule → large vein → medium vein → heart
Heart → venule → medium vein → large vein → capillary → conducting artery → distributing artery → arteriole → heart
Heart → large vein → medium vein → venule→ capillary → arteriole → distributing artery → conducting artery → heart

Answer 14

Heart → conducting artery → distributing artery → arteriole → capillary → venule → medium vein → large vein → heart

Question 15

Diabetes insipidus is caused by __________.

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hypersecretion

aldosterone hypersecretion

cortisol hypersecretion

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion

epinephrine hypersecretion

Answer 15

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion

Question 16

What is the correct path of an electrical excitation from the pacemaker to a cardiomyocyte in the left ventricle (LV)?

Atrioventricular (AV) node → subendocardial conducting network → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → sinuatrial (SA) node → cardiomyocyte in LV

Sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → subendocardial conducting network → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → cardiomyocyte in LV

Atrioventricular (AV) node → sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → subendocardial conducting network → cardiomyocyte in LV

Sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → subendocardial conducting network → cardiomyocyte in LV

Sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → atrioventricular (AV) node → subendocardial conducting network → cardiomyocyte in LV

Answer 16

Sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → subendocardial conducting network → cardiomyocyte in LV

Question 17

What are the more than one million functional units found in each kidney called?

Minor calyces

Collecting ducts

Nephrons

Major calyces

Renal pyramids

Answer 17

Nephrons

Question 18

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

They release waste into the bloodstream.
They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin.
They help control blood pressure.
They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D.
They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids.

Answer 18

They release waste into the bloodstream.

Question 19

A glomerulus and glomerular capsule make up one __________.

renal corpuscle

kidney lobe

kidney lobule

renal capsule

nephron

Answer 19

renal corpuscle

Question 20

Many hours after a meal, alpha (α) cells in the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) secrete __________.

insulin, which lowers blood glucose

insulin, which raises blood glucose

glucocorticoids, which raise blood glucose

glucagon, which raises blood glucose

glucagon, which lowers blood glucose

Answer 20

glucagon, which raises blood glucose

Question 21

Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?

The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney.
The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females.
The kidneys are retroperitoneal.
The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.

Answer 21

The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.

Question 22

The area where the major vessels lead to and from the heart’s chambers is called the __________ of the heart. The pointy, inferior portion is called the ___________.

apex; base
endocardium; epicardium
atrium; ventricle
base; apex
ventricle; atrium

Answer 22

base; apex

Question 23

Which of the following is the correct abbreviation for the hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH?

GHIH
APRH
TRH
CRH
GHRH

Answer 23

CRH

Question 24

Which of the following is/are part of the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?

Pharynx

Alveoli

Lungs

Bronchi

Answer 24

Alveoli

Question 25

In a normal ECG, the deflection that is generated by ventricular repolarization is called the __________. T wave R wave S wave QRS wave P wave

Answer 25

T wave

Question 26

Which of these is not part of a single individual nephron? Distal convoluted tubule Glomerular capsule Glomerulus Collecting duct Nephron loop

Answer 26

Collecting duct

Question 27

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland? Hypothalamus Pineal gland Salivary gland Testis

Answer 27

Salivary gland

Question 28

The __________ show(s) a remarkable degree of degeneration (involution) with age. thymus appendix spleen pharyngeal tonsils lymph nodes

Answer 28

thymus

Question 29

A patient is suffering from pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edema. A failure of which heart chamber is most likely? Left atrium Right atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle

Answer 29

Left ventricle

Question 30

Which of the following best describes juxtaglomerular cells? They occupy the cleft between the afferent and efferent arterioles. They are target cells for aldosterone. They are modified smooth muscle cells found in the afferent arteriole. They respond to parasympathetic stimulation. They are found in the distal convoluted tubule.

Answer 30

They are modified smooth muscle cells found in the afferent arteriole.

Question 31

Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of __________. platelets fibrinogen glucose nitrogenous wastes albumin

Answer 31

fibrinogen

Question 32

A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to someone of type __________ and can receive RBCs from someone of type __________. O; AB AB; O O; O B; A A; B

Answer 32

AB; O

Question 33

Why doesn't the stomach digest itself? Gastrin stimulates production of mucus. Parietal cells secrete a thick mucus that protects the mucosa. Stem cells in gastric glands constantly replace dead epithelial cells of the mucosa. Mucosal epithelial cells are exceptionally long-lived. Excess stomach acid is regurgitated.

Answer 33

Stem cells in gastric glands constantly replace dead epithelial cells of the mucosa.

Question 34

What causes RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) in premature babies? There is insufficient production of surfactant. Muscles associated with respiration are not strong enough to expand the thorax. Bronchioles are constricted due to excess production of mucus. Respiratory centers of the brain are not functional until late in the fetal stage. The lungs have not yet produced adequate numbers of alveoli for efficient gas exchange.

Answer 34

There is insufficient production of surfactant.

Question 35

The following is a list of tissue layers of the digestive tract. What is the correct order from lumen to external surface? (1) Muscularis externa (2) Muscularis mucosa (3) Serosa (4) Lamina propria (5) Submucosa 4, 2, 5, 1, 3 4, 2, 1, 5, 3 2, 5, 4, 1, 3 4, 5, 2, 1, 3 3, 4, 5, 2, 1

Answer 35

4, 2, 5, 1, 3

Question 36

What is the average life span of red blood cells? 10 days 4 to 5 days Several decades 120 days 20 days

Answer 36

120 days

Question 37

Blood pressure is highest in which of the following vessels? Capillaries Distributing arteries Venules Conducting arteries Large veins

Answer 37

Conducting arteries

Question 38

What is the largest leukocyte that contains small cytoplasmic granules and typically a kidney- or horseshoe-shaped nucleus? Neutrophil Monocyte Lymphocyte Basophil Eosinophil

Answer 38

Monocyte

Question 39

Which of the following is not a hypothalamic hormone? Luteinizing hormone (LH) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Somatostatin Prolactin–inhibiting hormone (PIH) Thyrotropin–releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer 39

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 40

A drop of blood returning from the big toe would enter the heart through what vessel? Azygous vein Superior vena cava Pulmonary veins Inferior vena cava Coronary sinus

Answer 40

Inferior vena cava

Question 41

What is the condition, especially noticeable in the lower limbs, that develops when veins become distended due to backflow of blood through stretched venous valves? Varicose veins Phlebitis Cardiovascular accident Vasculitis Aneurysm

Answer 41

Varicose veins

Question 42

Which of the following is not a formed element found in blood? Lymphocyte Antibody Erythrocyte Eosinophil Platelet

Answer 42

Antibody

Question 43

Which type of lymphatic vessel is largest? Trunk Terminal lymphatics Duct Collecting vessel Capillary

Answer 43

Duct

Question 44

If we trace the ureter toward the kidney, which of these structures will we come to first? The renal pelvis A renal pyramid A collecting duct A major calyx A minor calyx

Answer 44

The renal pelvis

Question 45

Through which of the following does blood return to the heart from the lungs? Superior vena cava Coronary sinus Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins Inferior vena cava

Answer 45

Pulmonary veins

Question 46

What is the target organ of corticotropin-releasing hormone? The posterior pituitary The gonads The thyroid gland The anterior pituitary The adrenal cortex

Answer 46

The anterior pituitary

Question 47

What happens when the diaphragm contracts? The size of the thoracic cavity decreases and air pressure in the thorax drops. The size of the thoracic cavity increases and air flows into the lungs. The size of the thoracic cavity decreases and air flows into the lungs. The size of the thoracic cavity increases and air pressure in the thorax increases. The size of the thoracic cavity increases and air flows out of the lungs.

Answer 47

The size of the thoracic cavity increases and air flows into the lungs.

Question 48

What does a hepatic triad consist of? The right, left, and common hepatic ducts The hepatic portal vein and two hepatic ducts A bile ductule, a branch of the hepatic artery, and a branch of the hepatic portal vein A central vein, a hepatic lobule, and a hepatic sinusoid The common hepatic duct, cystic duct, and bile duct

Answer 48

A bile ductule, a branch of the hepatic artery, and a branch of the hepatic portal vein

Question 49

Which lymphatic vessel drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax? Cisterna chyli Right lymphatic duct Bronchomediastinal trunk Thoracic duct Lumbar trunk

Answer 49

Right lymphatic duct

Question 50

What is one function of parietal cells in the stomach? They produce mucus. They produce a secretion that begins to break down starch. They produce a secretion that stimulates gastric motility. They produce hydrochloric acid. They produce a secretion that breaks down lipids.

Answer 50

They produce hydrochloric acid.