Connect Ch. 22 Flashcards
Any organism or substance capable of causing disease is called a/an __________.
pathogen
Which of the following is/are a function of the lymphatic system? Select all that apply.
Recover fluid from the interstitium to the blood plasma
Remove foreign matter from fluid before returning it to the bloodstream
Secrete lipid soluble hormones
Absorb dietary lipids
Absorb dietary proteins
Recover fluid from the interstitium to the blood plasma
Remove foreign matter from fluid before returning it to the bloodstream
Absorb dietary lipids
The specialized lymphatic capillaries located in the villi of the small intestines are the __________.
lacteals
lymph ducts
thymic capillaries
lymphatic nodules
lacteals
Lymphocytes and macrophages congregate into dense masses called __________.
lymphatic nodules
thymic corpuscles
red pulp
sinusoids
lymphatic nodules
Which of the following cells form the blood–thymus barrier?
Astrocytes
Hassall corpuscles
T cells
Dendritic cells
Cortical epithelial cells
Cortical epithelial cells
Damage to which of the following cells would allow immature lymphocytes to possibly attack the antigens that normally exist in the blood?
Astrocytes
Hassall corpuscles
T cells
Dendritic cells
Cortical epithelial cells
Cortical epithelial cells
B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes that react against the body’s own antigens are destroyed or deactivated in a process called __________.
negative selection
positive selection
clonal selection
clonal expansion
negative selection
Specific (adaptive) immunity has the ability to distinguish different pathogens from one another based on their __________.
antigens
mode of entry into the body
inflammatory response
virulence
antigens
Which of the following describes what positive selection is in the thymus?
T cells that react against self antigens are selected in the thymus.
T cells develop surface antigen receptors in the thymus.
T cells remain alive but unresponsive in the thymus.
Self-reactive T cells die and macrophages phagocytize them in the thymus.
T cells multiply in the thymus and form clones of identical T cells.
T cells multiply in the thymus and form clones of identical T cells.
B cells become __________ cells before they begin to secrete antibodies.
plasma
Lymphatic vessels form from __________ sacs in the embryonic mesoderm.
lymph
During embryonic development, lymphocytes that form clusters in the lumens of lymph sacs become __________.
lymph nodes
aggregated lymphoid nodules
cisterna chyli
hematopoietic tissue
lymph nodes
Which of the following occurs as the body ages?
The immune function is enhanced.
The thymus enlarges.
The amount of red marrow increases.
There are increased numbers of autoantibodies.
There are increased numbers of autoantibodies.
Which of the following is/are effects of old age on the lymphatic system? Check all that apply.
Increased chance of infection
Increased chance of autoimmune diseases
Increased levels of thymic hormones
Increased numbers of B and T lymphocytes
Increased chance of infection
Increased chance of autoimmune diseases
Any disease in which antibodies attack one’s own tissues is called a/an __________ disease.
autoimmune
Which lymphatic vessel drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?
Cisterna chyli
Thoracic duct
Lumbar trunk
Right lymphatic duct
Bronchomediastinal trunk
Right lymphatic duct
Lymphatic vessels are found in which of the following tissues?
Cornea
Cartilage
Bone marrow
Bone
Small intestine
Small intestine
Which of the following statements about larger lymphatics is incorrect?
The endothelium of the tunica interna is similar to that of veins.
The tunica media has smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
They have thicker walls than veins.
They have valves.
The tunica externa is relatively thin.
They have thicker walls than veins.
Which type of lymphatic vessel is largest?
Duct
Terminal lymphatics
Capillary
Trunk
Collecting vessel
Duct
Which of the following statements regarding blood capillaries and lymphatic capillaries is not true?
Endothelial cells of both blood and lymphatic capillaries are joined by tight junctions.
Lymphatic capillaries are closed at one end, unlike blood capillaries.
Bacteria and lymphocytes may move into lymphatic capillaries through gaps between cells.
Both lymphatic and blood capillaries reabsorb fluid from tissue spaces.
Both lymphatic and blood capillaries are lined with endothelium.
Endothelial cells of both blood and lymphatic capillaries are joined by tight junctions.
Which of the following does not play a role in flow of lymph fluid?
Skeletal muscle contraction
Thoracic (respiratory) pump
Valves
The lymphatic pump
Contractions of lymphatic vessels
The lymphatic pump
Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?
It absorbs dietary lipids.
It returns proteins to the blood.
It provides immunity.
It transports nutrients to tissues.
It returns excess fluid from tissues to the blood.
It transports nutrients to tissues.
Special lymphatic vessels, called lacteals, absorb dietary __________ that are not absorbed by the blood capillaries.
water
amino acids
lipids
vitamins
glucose
lipids
Why would removal of the thymus compromise humoral immunity?
B cells responsible for humoral immunity mature in the thymus.
Most mature B cells reside in the thymus, so removing the thymus removes the majority of the body’s B cells.
Once activated, B cells must travel to the thymus in order to produce antibodies.
Helper T cells mature in the thymus and are needed to activate B cells and humoral immunity.
Helper T cells mature in the thymus and are needed to activate B cells and humoral immunity.
