Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Connect Ch. 22 > Flashcards

Connect Ch. 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Any organism or substance capable of causing disease is called a/an __________.

A

pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the following is/are a function of the lymphatic system? Select all that apply.

Recover fluid from the interstitium to the blood plasma

Remove foreign matter from fluid before returning it to the bloodstream

Secrete lipid soluble hormones

Absorb dietary lipids

Absorb dietary proteins

A

Recover fluid from the interstitium to the blood plasma

Remove foreign matter from fluid before returning it to the bloodstream

Absorb dietary lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The specialized lymphatic capillaries located in the villi of the small intestines are the __________.

lacteals
lymph ducts
thymic capillaries
lymphatic nodules

A

lacteals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lymphocytes and macrophages congregate into dense masses called __________.

lymphatic nodules
thymic corpuscles
red pulp
sinusoids

A

lymphatic nodules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the following cells form the blood–thymus barrier?

Astrocytes
Hassall corpuscles
T cells
Dendritic cells
Cortical epithelial cells

A

Cortical epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Damage to which of the following cells would allow immature lymphocytes to possibly attack the antigens that normally exist in the blood?

Astrocytes
Hassall corpuscles
T cells
Dendritic cells
Cortical epithelial cells

A

Cortical epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes that react against the body’s own antigens are destroyed or deactivated in a process called __________.

negative selection
positive selection
clonal selection
clonal expansion

A

negative selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Specific (adaptive) immunity has the ability to distinguish different pathogens from one another based on their __________.

antigens
mode of entry into the body
inflammatory response
virulence

A

antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the following describes what positive selection is in the thymus?

T cells that react against self antigens are selected in the thymus.

T cells develop surface antigen receptors in the thymus.

T cells remain alive but unresponsive in the thymus.

Self-reactive T cells die and macrophages phagocytize them in the thymus.

T cells multiply in the thymus and form clones of identical T cells.

A

T cells multiply in the thymus and form clones of identical T cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

B cells become __________ cells before they begin to secrete antibodies.

A

plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lymphatic vessels form from __________ sacs in the embryonic mesoderm.

A

lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

During embryonic development, lymphocytes that form clusters in the lumens of lymph sacs become __________.

lymph nodes
aggregated lymphoid nodules
cisterna chyli
hematopoietic tissue

A

lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following occurs as the body ages?

The immune function is enhanced.

The thymus enlarges.

The amount of red marrow increases.

There are increased numbers of autoantibodies.

A

There are increased numbers of autoantibodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which of the following is/are effects of old age on the lymphatic system? Check all that apply.

Increased chance of infection
Increased chance of autoimmune diseases
Increased levels of thymic hormones
Increased numbers of B and T lymphocytes

A

Increased chance of infection
Increased chance of autoimmune diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Any disease in which antibodies attack one’s own tissues is called a/an __________ disease.

A

autoimmune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which lymphatic vessel drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?

Cisterna chyli
Thoracic duct
Lumbar trunk
Right lymphatic duct
Bronchomediastinal trunk

A

Right lymphatic duct

16
Q

Lymphatic vessels are found in which of the following tissues?

Cornea

Cartilage

Bone marrow

Bone

Small intestine

A

Small intestine

17
Q

Which of the following statements about larger lymphatics is incorrect?

The endothelium of the tunica interna is similar to that of veins.

The tunica media has smooth muscle and elastic fibers.

They have thicker walls than veins.

They have valves.

The tunica externa is relatively thin.

A

They have thicker walls than veins.

18
Q

Which type of lymphatic vessel is largest?

Duct
Terminal lymphatics
Capillary
Trunk
Collecting vessel

A

Duct

19
Q

Which of the following statements regarding blood capillaries and lymphatic capillaries is not true?

Endothelial cells of both blood and lymphatic capillaries are joined by tight junctions.

Lymphatic capillaries are closed at one end, unlike blood capillaries.

Bacteria and lymphocytes may move into lymphatic capillaries through gaps between cells.

Both lymphatic and blood capillaries reabsorb fluid from tissue spaces.

Both lymphatic and blood capillaries are lined with endothelium.

A

Endothelial cells of both blood and lymphatic capillaries are joined by tight junctions.

20
Q

Which of the following does not play a role in flow of lymph fluid?

Skeletal muscle contraction
Thoracic (respiratory) pump
Valves
The lymphatic pump
Contractions of lymphatic vessels

A

The lymphatic pump

21
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?

It absorbs dietary lipids.
It returns proteins to the blood.
It provides immunity.
It transports nutrients to tissues.
It returns excess fluid from tissues to the blood.

A

It transports nutrients to tissues.

22
Q

Special lymphatic vessels, called lacteals, absorb dietary __________ that are not absorbed by the blood capillaries.

water
amino acids
lipids
vitamins
glucose

A

lipids

23
Q

Why would removal of the thymus compromise humoral immunity?

B cells responsible for humoral immunity mature in the thymus.

Most mature B cells reside in the thymus, so removing the thymus removes the majority of the body’s B cells.

Once activated, B cells must travel to the thymus in order to produce antibodies.

Helper T cells mature in the thymus and are needed to activate B cells and humoral immunity.

A

Helper T cells mature in the thymus and are needed to activate B cells and humoral immunity.

24
Q

Which lymph nodes are often surgically removed with a mastectomy?

Axillary lymph nodes
Thoracic lymph nodes
Cervical lymph nodes
Inguinal lymph nodes
Abdominal lymph nodes

A

Axillary lymph nodes

25
Q

The __________ tonsils are the largest, and their surgical removal (tonsillectomy) used to be one of the most common surgical procedures performed in children.

nasopharyngeal
lingual
adenoid
palatine
pharyngeal

A

palatine

26
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the spleen?

It produces hormones that promote lymphocyte maturation.

It breaks down dead red blood cells and recycles useful components.

It helps stabilize blood volume.

It produces blood cells in the fetus.

Its lymphocytes and macrophages monitor the blood for pathogens.

A

It produces hormones that promote lymphocyte maturation.

27
Q

Removal of the __________ would be more harmful to a one-year-old child than an adult.

lymph node
thymus
appendix
palatine tonsil
spleen

A

thymus

28
Q

Which of the following is most involved in the defense against cancer?

Reticular cells
Aggregated lymphoid nodules
Natural killer cells
Dendritic cells
Plasma cells

A

Natural killer cells

29
Q

Before a B lymphocyte can secrete antibodies it must transform into which of the following?

Plasma cell

Reticular cell

Antigen-presenting cell

Stem cell

Helper T cell

A

Plasma cell

30
Q

What are lymphatic nodules?

Lymphatic follicles

Lymphatic tissue found only in the appendix and tonsils

Small lymph nodes

A collection of B lymphocytes

Bulges in lymphatic vessels

A

Lymphatic follicles

31
Q

Which of the following is not one of the body’s three lines of defense against pathogens?

Drainage of excess interstitial fluid into lymphatic capillaries

Innate actions of cells, proteins, and inflammation

Specific immunity by B and T cells

Physical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes

A

Drainage of excess interstitial fluid into lymphatic capillaries

32
Q

Once they have developed surface receptors for a particular antigen, lymphocytes are said to be what?

Sensitized

Self-tolerant

Immunocompetent

Immunoefficient

Capped

A

Immunocompetent

33
Q

Which statement about the effect of age on the lymphatic-immune system is not true?

There are fewer helper T cells.
There are fewer antigen-presenting cells.
The level of thymic hormones decreases.
Red bone marrow mass decreases.
The thymus gland enlarges.

A

The thymus gland enlarges.

34
Q

Why is it important for an oncologist to understand lymphatic drainage?

Lymphomas are the most common cancers in the body.

Most cancers start in the lymphatic system.

Oncologists can use lymphatic drainage to help drain a cancer from an area of the body.

Cancer cells often metastasize via the lymphatic system.

A

Cancer cells often metastasize via the lymphatic system.

Anatomy (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions