Ch. 6 Assignment + Quiz Flashcards
A fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces is called a __________ fracture.
linear
pott
comminuted
greenstick
compound
comminuted
Which of the following fracture types is characterized by the bone protruding through skin?
Complete
Incomplete
Closed
Open
Displaced
Open
Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton?
Store calcium and phosphate ions
Store red blood cells
Provide support for most muscles
Protect the brain
Protect the spinal cord
Store red blood cells
Calcitriol is made from __________.
calcitonin
7-dehydrocholesterol
hydroxyapatite
estrogen
parathyroid hormone
7-dehydrocholesterol
Which of the following is not a tissue that can be associated with a long bone?
Osseous tissue
Nervous tissue
Adipose tissue
Cartilage
Transitional epithelium
Transitional epithelium
Which of the following is not one of the four groups of bones?
Long bones
Short bones
Rounded bones
Irregular bones
Flat bones
Rounded bones
The expanded head at each end of a long bone is called a/an __________.
epiphysis
diaphysis
articular cartilage
periosteum
endosteum
epiphysis
Which of the following are bone-forming cells?
Osteogenic cells
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes
Osteons
Osteoblasts
Which of the following is an inorganic component of the bone matrix?
Proteoglycans
Glycoproteins
Collagen
Hydroxyapatite
Glycosaminoglycans
Hydroxyapatite
__________ provide(s) hardness to bones, whereas __________ provide(s) some degree of flexibility.
Hydroxyapatite and other minerals; proteins
Collagen and elastic fibers; minerals
Glycoproteins; proteoglycans
Calcium carbonate; calcium phosphate
Proteins; collagen
Hydroxyapatite and other minerals; proteins
Osteoclasts are most closely related by common descent to __________.
osteocytes
osteogenic cells
monocytes
fibroblasts
osteoblasts
monocytes
What is the deposition of calcium salts called?
Calcification
Ossification
Resorption
Osteomalacia
Calcification
Endochondral ossification involves a precursor made of __________, which is replaced by bone.
embryonic mesenchyme
fibrous membranes
hyaline cartilage
transitional epithelium
fibrocartilage
hyaline cartilage
Which of the following bones are formed via the process of intramembranous ossification?
The irregular bones of the vertebrae
The flat bones of the skull
The long bones of the limbs
The short bones of the wrist
The short bones of the ankle
The flat bones of the skull
The __________ is a marginal zone of the epiphysial plate where, in children and adolescents, bone can be seen replacing the hyaline cartilage.
metaphysis
primary ossification center
secondary ossification center
osteoid tissue
epiphysial line
metaphysis
Most limb bones are classified as what shape?
Flat
Irregular
Long
Short
Wide
Long
Which of the following skeletal system components is incorrectly paired?
Bone; protects delicate organs
Tendon; connects bone to bone
Ligament; connects bones at joints
Cartilage; covers joint surfaces
Tendon; connects bone to bone
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
It stores and releases minerals.
It produces vitamin C.
It removes toxins from the blood.
It protects the viscera.
It produces blood cells.
It produces vitamin C.
What would you find in the marrow cavity of the diaphysis of an adult humerus (arm bone)?
Red bone marrow
Hematopoietic tissue
Compact bone
Yellow bone marrow
Periosteum
Yellow bone marrow
A/an __________ covers most parts of a bone except for its articular cartilage.
epicondyle
periosteum
diploe
tendon
epiphysial plate
periosteum
Which cells are responsible for the breakdown of bone?
C cells
Osteoblasts
Haversian cells
Osteogenic cells
Osteoclasts
Osteoclasts
What is found within the lacunae of bone?
Chondrocytes
Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Monocytes
Osteocytes
If it were not for the __________, osteocytes in the outer lamellae of an osteon would not be able to transport their wastes to the bloodstream for removal.
trabeculae
nutrient canals
matrix
ruffled border
canaliculi
canaliculi
What protein are bone matrix fibers are composed of?
Osteon
Collagen
Elastin
Fibrin
Keratin
Collagen
Which of the following best describes hydroxyapatite?
A secretion of the osteoclasts
Calcium phosphate in the bone matrix
Fibrous protein in the bone matrix
Dissolved minerals in the tissue fluid
Dissolved minerals in the blood plasma
Calcium phosphate in the bone matrix
What is the role of the perichondrium that surrounds the cartilaginous model early in the process of endochondral ossification?
It forms the epiphysial plate.
It forms trabeculae that accumulate osteoid.
It produces red bone marrow.
It produces osteoclasts.
It produces chondrocytes, and the model grows.
It produces chondrocytes, and the model grows.
An adolescent grows in height mainly because of events that occur in the __________ of the skeleton.
medullary cavities
metaphyses
epicondyles
hematopoietic tissue
endosteum
metaphyses
Which of the following would decrease bone deposition by osteoblasts?
Estrogen
Parathyroid hormone
Calcitonin
Testosterone
Growth hormone
Parathyroid hormone
Which of the following is not necessary for normal bone growth?
Vitamin D
Sex steroids
Vitamin C
Calcitonin
Carotene
Carotene
As bones lengthen, what occurs at the zone of hypertrophy in the metaphysis?
Chondrocytes die, and walls between lacunae break down.
Cartilage is calcified when minerals are deposited in matrix between lacunae.
Chondrocytes become larger.
Osteoblasts deposit matrix, and spongy bone is produced.
Chondrocytes multiply.
Chondrocytes become larger.
What is the technical term for a gradual loss of bone that usually begins between ages 30 and 40?
Achondroplastic dwarfism
Osteoporosis
Osteopenia
Osteomalacia
Rickets
Osteopenia
Bone protrudes through the skin in a fracture called __________.
complete
open
closed
incomplete
displaced
open
An elderly woman with pronounced kyphosis suffers a hip fracture. What type of fracture is most likely?
Uncomplicated fracture
Closed reduction fracture
Stress fracture
Pathologic fracture
Fragmentary fracture
Pathologic fracture
A child falls and breaks his humerus, the upper arm bone, along the epiphysial plate. Which of the following could result from this injury?
As an adult, red marrow will persist in the medullary cavity of the humerus.
Blood cell production will decrease dramatically in the injured bone.
As an adult, the diaphysis of the broken humerus will be much smaller than that of the unbroken one.
As an adult this person will have one humerus longer than the other.
As an adult this person will have one humerus longer than the other.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?
Hematoma formation → hard callus formation → soft callus formation → bone remodeling
Bone remodeling → hard callus formation → soft callus formation → hematoma formation
Bone remodeling → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → hematoma formation
Soft callus formation → hard callus formation → hematoma formation → bone remodeling
Hematoma formation → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → bone remodeling
Hematoma formation → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → bone remodeling
