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Anatomy > Ch. 5 Connect + Quiz > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Connect + Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

The hair present only prenatally is called __________, most of which is replaced by __________ by the time of birth.

pilus; terminal hair
downy hair; terminal hair
vellus hair; terminal hair
vellus hair; downy hair
downy hair; vellus hair

A

downy hair; vellus hair

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2
Q

A pilus is also known as a __________.

hair
hair follicle
tiny muscle that moves a hair
sensory nerve fiber around the base of a hair
gland associated with a hair follicle

A

hair

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3
Q

The __________ provides the hair with its sole source of nutrition.

bulb
root
shaft
dermal papilla
medulla

A

dermal papilla

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4
Q

Each hair grows in an oblique epithelial tube called a/an __________.

hair follicle
velds hair
pilus
bulb
dermal papilla

A

hair follicle

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5
Q

Bilirubin causes a skin discoloration called __________.

erythema
jaundice
pallor
bronzing
cyanosis

A

jaundice

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6
Q

Yellowing skin can indicate failure of the __________ to function properly.

liver
kidneys
gallbladder
urinary bladder
lungs

A

liver

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7
Q

Which of the following skin conditions or appearances would most likely result from liver failure?

pallor
erythema
pemphigus vulgaris
jaundice
melanization

A

jaundice

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8
Q

A mother of a toddler visits her pediatrician because her child is turning orange. Lab tests indicate no abnormality. What could be causing the orange coloration?

The toddler’s diet consists of mostly sweet potatoes and carrots.
The toddler was in the sun too long.
The mother has been feeding the baby orange soda.
There is no logical explanation for this coloration change.

A

The toddler’s diet consists of mostly sweet potatoes and carrots.

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9
Q

The contraction of the arrector muscles in humans causes __________.

hairs to stand on end trapping an insulating layer of warm air next to the skin
generation of heat to raise the body temperature
hairs to stand on end to make the individual appear bigger
hairs to stand on end with no apparent function
increased ability to feel pain

A

hairs to stand on end with no apparent function

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10
Q

Dehydration could cause a decrease in the function of __________ glands, which could result in hyperthermia.

mammary
ceruminous
sebaceous
appocrine sweat
eccrine sweat

A

eccrine sweat

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11
Q

Which of the following does not interfere with microbial invasion of the skin?

the acid mantle
melanin
cerumen
keratin
sebum

A

melanin

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12
Q

Cells of the epidermis that stand guard against pathogens that breach the surface of the skin are __________.

dendritic cells
melanocytes
keratinocytes
merkel cells

A

dendritic cells

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13
Q

People of all skin colors have approximately the same concentration of melanocytes per square centimeter. What can you conclude about melanin production?

More melanin is produced by each melanocyte in people with dark skin.
Melanin has a lighter color in people with light skin coloration.
Melanin is darker in people with dark skin.
Some melanocytes in light skinned people are non-functional.

A

More melanin is produced by each melanocyte in people with dark skin.

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14
Q

Most of the skin is ___________ mm thick.

0.01 to 0.02
0.1 to 0.2
1 to 2
10 to 20
100 to 200

A

1 to 2

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15
Q

Fingerprints left on things we touch result from a pattern created by the __________.

dermal papillae
flexion creases
stratum basale
subcutaneous tissue
subcutaneous fat

A

dermal papillae

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16
Q

Which of the following is associated with the sense of touch?

fibroblasts
melanocytes
keratinocytes
dendritic (langerhans) cells
tactile (merkel) cells

A

tactile (merkel) cells

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17
Q

A 3 mm thick laceration of the skin of the anterior forearm would not harm the _________ layer of the epidermis.

papillary
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

A

stratum lucidum

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18
Q

The hypodermis usually has an abundance of __________ tissue.

epithelial
muscular
nervous
adipose
keratinized

A

adipose

19
Q

__________ are not cells found in the epidermis.

melanocytes
fibroblasts
stem cells
keratinocytes
tactile (merkel) cells

A

fibroblasts

20
Q

How does the epidermis differ from the inner lining of the esophagus?

It is keratinized.

It is not keratinized.

It is a stratified squamous epithelium.

It rests on a layer of connective tissue.

It is not a stratified squamous epithelium.

A

It is keratinized.

21
Q

What is a desirable (and healthy) result of exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun?

Sunburn

A decrease in melanocyte activity

A deep bronze tan

Increased production of vitamin C

Increased production of vitamin D

A

Increased production of vitamin D

22
Q

Leather is made of the __________ layer of the dermis.

papillary
areolar
reticular
collagen
keratin

A

reticular

23
Q

Which skin color is most likely to result from anemia?

Hematoma
Albinism
Erythema
Pallor
Jaundice

A

Pallor

24
Q

Which of the following best describes the composition of the dermis?

Elastic fibers and melanocytes

Elastic fibers and dendritic cells

Collagen and fibroblasts

Collagen and living keratinocytes

Collagen and dead keratinocytes

A

Collagen and fibroblasts

25
Q

Which genetically inherited condition results from an inability to produce melanin?

Erythema
Jaundice
Addison disease
Pallor
Albinism

A

Albinism

26
Q

Looking at a slide of thin skin under the microscope, you note that the stratum basale is the __________ layer of the epidermis in from the surface.

second
third
fifth
first
fourth

A

fourth

27
Q

What is the best explanation for the observation that mitosis occurs in the deepest layers of the epidermis?

The cells in the deepest layer of the epidermis are metabolically active.

Protein granules accumulate in the cytoplasm of cells as they move up the layers.

Mitosis requires oxygen and nutrients supplied by blood vessels.

Cells are dead in the top layer of the skin.

Cells undergo apoptosis in upper layers of the epidermis.

A

Mitosis requires oxygen and nutrients supplied by blood vessels.

28
Q

The synthesis of __________ depends on the penetration of ultraviolet light through the epidermis.

carotene
keratin
collagen
cholesterol
vitamin D

A

vitamin D

29
Q

Which layer of the epidermis consists of up to 30 layers of dead cells?

Stratum corneum
Stratum basale
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum

A

Stratum corneum

30
Q

The skin discoloration most likely to suggest physical abuse is __________.

hematoma
jaundice
pallor
albinism
erythema

A

hematoma

31
Q

Which of the following substances that contributes to skin color is of dietary origin?

Hemoglobin
Collagen
Bilirubin
Melanin
Carotene

A

Carotene

32
Q

What are the regions of a hair, from deepest to superficial?

Root, stem, and trunk

Medulla, cortex, and cuticle

Bulb, root, and shaft

Bulb, root, and shaft

Vellus, pilus, and downy

A

Bulb, root, and shaft

33
Q

The contraction of the arrector muscles (pilomotor muscle or arrector pili) in humans causes __________.

hairs to stand on end with no apparent function

hairs to stand on end to make the individual appear bigger

increased ability to feel pain

hairs to stand on end, trapping an insulating layer of warm air next to the skin

generation of heat to raise the body temperature

A

hairs to stand on end with no apparent function

34
Q

The narrow zone of dead skin overhanging the proximal end of a nail is called the __________.

nail root
lunule
eponychium
nail body
nail plate

A

eponychium

35
Q

Why does hair turn gray or white as people age?

Keratin production decreases.

Mitosis slows down in the hair shaft.

The shaft becomes rounder in cross-section.

Melanocytes die out.

Blood supply to the scalp diminishes.

A

Melanocytes die out.

36
Q

A hair cycle consists of three developmental stages in which order?

Catagen, anagen, and telogen

Telogen, anagen, and catagen

Anagen, telogen, and catagen

Anagen, catagen, and telogen

Catagen, telogen, and anagen

A

Anagen, catagen, and telogen

37
Q

The __________ glands are a source of sex pheromones.

ceruminous
apocrine
mammary
eccrine
sebaceous

A

apocrine

38
Q

In which of the following areas would one not expect to find apocrine glands?

In the forearm region
In the axillae
In the genital region
In the beard region
Around the nipples

A

In the forearm region

39
Q

Which glands are most responsible for cooling the skin?

Ceruminous glands
Exothermic glands
Apocrine glands
Eccrine glands
Sebaceous glands

A

Eccrine glands

40
Q

What is the most widely distributed sweat gland in the body?

Apocrine
Eccrine
Ceruminous
Sweat
Sebaceous

A

Eccrine

41
Q

Which of the following does not develop from embryonic ectoderm?

Apocrine glands
Hair follicles
Dermis
Nails
Keratinocytes

A

Dermis

42
Q

Which cutaneous glands develop as outgrowths of hair follicles?

Eccrine and apocrine glands

Eccrine and sebaceous glands

Sebaceous and apocrine glands

Ceruminous and sebaceous glands

Eccrine and ceruminous glands

A

Sebaceous and apocrine glands

43
Q

What is the most common form of skin cancer?

Melanoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Multiple myeloma
Erythema
Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Basal cell carcinoma

44
Q

What is the greatest immediate threat to the survival of a patient with severe burns?

Pain
Loss of thermoregulation
Fluid loss
Infection
Eschar

A

Fluid loss

Anatomy (37 decks)

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