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Anatomy > Blay's Exam #2 > Flashcards

Blay's Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

The __ depends the socket of the glenohumeral joint and helps stabilize the joint.
a. fovea capitis
b. greater trochanter
c. greater tubercle
d. glenoid labrum
e. acetabular labrum

A

D. glenoid labrum

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2
Q

Which muscle acts synergistically with the masseter?
a. levator scapulae
b. splenius capitis
c. buccinator
d. zygomaticus major
e. temporalis

A

E. temporalis

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3
Q

What role does a first-order neuron play in the passage of a sensory signal to the brain?
a. the first-order neuron carries the sensory signal to the thalamus.
b. the first-order neuron detects the stimulus and transmits a signal to the spinal cord or brain stem
c. the first-order neuron carries the signal to the sensory area of the cerebral cortex
d. the soma of the first-order neuron is in the cerebral cortex, and the axon terminates in the spinal cord
e. the first-order neuron has no role in sensory signal transmission

A

B. the first-order neuron detects the stimulus and transmits a signal to the spinal cord or brain stem

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4
Q

The __ is not part of the tibiofemoral joint.
a. lateral meniscus
b. ACL
c. tibial collateral ligament
d. fibular collateral ligament
e. posterior tibiofibular ligament

A

E. posterior tibiofibular ligament

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5
Q

What is the connective tissue covering that wraps around a muscle fascicle?
a. epimysium
b. epineurium
c. perimysium
d. perineurium
e. endomysium

A

C. perimysium

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6
Q

Motor neurons, or __ neurons, send signals predominantly to muscle and gland cells, which are known as the __.
a. efferent, effectors
b. efferent, receptors
c. afferent, effectors
d. afferent, receptors
e. internerneurons, processors

A

A. efferent, effectors

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7
Q

The joint between the first costal cartilage and the sternum is a __, whereas the other costal cartilages are joined to the sternum by __ joints.
a. syndesmosis, synovial
b. synchondrosis, synovial
c. synostosis, cartilaginous
d. synarthrosis, cartilaginous
e. symphysis, cartilaginous

A

B. synchondrosis, synovial

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8
Q

Which of the following is considered to be the “functional unit” of skeletal muscle fibers?
a. the sarcomere
b. the z disc
c. the myofilaments
d. the sarcoplasmic reticulum
e. the neuromuscular junction

A

A. the sarcomere

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9
Q

While sitting at your desk, you drop your pencil onto the floor. You bend over to pick up the pencil. In order to straighten up and continue your exam, you must use which of the following muscles?
a. tibialis anterior
b. erector spinae
c. semimembranosus
d. soleus
e. extensor hallucis longus

A

B. erector spinae

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10
Q

Which cells would you expect to increase in number during bacterial infection of the CNS?
a. oligodendrocytes
b. astrocytes
c. microglia
d. ependymal cells
e. Schwann cells

A

C. microglia

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11
Q

The proximal radioulnar joint is a __ joint.
a. ball-and-socket
b. saddle
c. hinge
d. pivot
e. condylar

A

D. pivot

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12
Q

The absence of inhibition of acetylcolinesterase at the synapse of an NMJ would lead to __.
a. flaccid paralysis (inability to contract)
b. continued muscle contraction
c. atrophy
d. numbness
e. twitching

A

B. continued muscle contraction

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13
Q

If a muscle that acts on the hand also has both of its attachment points in the hand, it is considered a/an __ muscle.
a. antagonistic
b. synergistic
c. convergent
d. extrinsic
e. intrinsic

A

E. intrinsic

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14
Q

Which cells for myelin in the spinal cord?
a. schwann cells
b. astrocytes
c. satellite cells
d. oligodendrocytes
e. microglia

A

D. oligodendrocytes

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15
Q

Which is the following is not an anatomical component of a synovial joint?
a. articular cartilage
b. joint cavity
c. interosseous membrane
d. fibrous capsule
e. synovial membrane

A

C. interosseous membrane

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16
Q

Which of the following is not true of elastic filaments?
a. they are composed of titin.
b. they run through the core of thin myofilaments.
c. they attach to z discs
d. they prevent overstretching of muscle fibers
e. they help to stabilize thick filaments

A

B. they run through the core of thin myofilaments.

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17
Q

Which attribute do skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues have in common?
a. the presence of striations
b. the position of cell nuclei
c. the number of intercalated discs
d. the length of fibers
e. they’re both involuntary

A

A. the presence of striations

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18
Q

Which of the following attaches to the M line?
a. thin filaments
b. titin
c. thick filaments
d. actin
e. troponin

A

C. thick filaments

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19
Q

The antagonist to the triceps brachii is the __.
a. deltoid
b. anconeus
c. brachialis
d. supinator
e. teres major

A

C. brachialis

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20
Q

Which of the following muscles does not attach somewhere on the humerus?
a. latissimus dorsi
b. biceps brachii
c. teres minor
d. brachioradialis
e. pectoralis major

A

B. biceps brachii

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21
Q

The deltoid helps the pectorals major flex the arm. In this example, the deltoid is which of the following?
a. antagonist
b. fixator
c. synergist
d. agonist
e. good friend

A

C. synergist

22
Q

Which part of the spinal cord contains somas of somatic motor neuron?
a. the posterior root ganglion
b. the posterior horns
c. the anterior horns
d. the anterior funiculus
e. the posterior funiculus

A

C. the anterior horns

23
Q

Cartilaginous joints are predominantly made up of what specific tissue type?
a. hyaline cartilage
b. fibrocartilage
c. elastic cartilage
d. dense irregular CT
e. dense regular CT

A

A. hyaline cartilage

24
Q

What comprises the motor unit?
a. one neuromuscular junction
b. the distance from one z disc to the next
c. one thick myofiliment and all thin myofilaments with which it forms cross-bridges
d. one nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers innervated by it
e. one myofibril of a muscle fiber

A

D. one nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers innervated by it

25
Q

Epidural anesthesia is introduced to the epidural space between the __ to block pain signals during pregnancy.
a. skin and vertebral bones
b. dural sheath and vertebral bones
c. dura mater and arachnoid mater
d. arachnoid mater and pia mater
e. dura mater and dia mater

A

B. dural sheath and vertebral bones

26
Q

A basketball player jumps to shoot the ball and feels a pop as she goes up. When she comes down, she has lost the ability to plantar flex her foot. Which structure has she likely injured?
a. her calcaneal (achilles) tendon
b. her anterior cruciate ligament
c. her posterior cruciate ligament
d. her quadriceps femoris tendon
e. her patellar ligament

A

A. her calcaneal (achilles) tendon

27
Q

Which of the following structure is not part of the temporomandibular joint?
a. articular disc
b. sphenomandibular ligament
c. lateral ligament
d. annular ligament
e. mandibular fossa

A

D. annular ligament

28
Q

Which order correctly describes the transmission of a signal through a typical multipolar neuron?
a. stimulus -> dendrite -> axon -> soma
b. stimulus -> soma -> axon -> dendrite
c. stimulus -> axon -> soma -> dendrite
d. stimulus -> dendrite -> soma -> axon
e. stimulus -> soma -> dendrite -> axon

A

D. stimulus -> dendrite -> soma -> axon

29
Q

The secretion of acetylcholine (ACh) at neuromuscular junctions innervating the gluteus maximus muscle would lead to which of the following
a. contraction of skeletal muscle fibers and thigh abduction
b. relaxation of skeletal muscle fibers and thigh abduction
c. contraction of skeletal muscle fibers and thigh adduction
d. relaxation of skeletal muscle fibers and thigh adduction
e. none of the above

A

A. contraction of skeletal muscle fibers and thigh abduction

30
Q

Which of the following nerve fibers would have the fastest conduction speed?
a. a large myelinated fiber
b. a small myelinated fiber
c. a large unmyelinated fiber
d. a small unmyelinated fiber
e. a small fiber with multiple schwann cells

A

A. a large myelinated fiber

31
Q

Fill in the blank: A type of fibrous joint known as __ consists of a periodontal ligament that helps anchor a tooth to its bony socket.

A

Gomphosis

32
Q

Fill in the blank: Synaptic vesicles within the axon terminal on the neuromuscular junction contain __.

A

Neurotransmitters

33
Q

Fill in the blank: The gaps between segments of an axon’s myelin sheath are called __.

A

Nodes of Ranvier

34
Q

Fill in the blank: In the knee, both medial and lateral __, which are characterized as C-shaped pads of fibrocartilage, extend into the joint cavity, functioning as shock absorbers to distribute the body’s weight over the tibia.

A

Meniscus

35
Q

Fill in the blank: __ cells line the ventricles in the brain and secretes cerebrospinal fluid.

A

Ependymal

36
Q

T/F: Terminal cisterns are extensions of the plasma membrane that penetrate deep into the muscle fiber allowing action potentials to speed throughout the fiber.

A

False

37
Q

T/F: When a muscle contracts, the myofilaments shorten, allowing the whole muscle fiber to decrease in size.

A

False

38
Q

T/F: The motor division of the PNS carries signals to the CNS from effectors such as skeletal muscles.

A

False

39
Q

T/F: The anterior cruciate ligament normally resists hyper extension of the knee.

A

True

40
Q

T/F: Descending tracts of the spinal cord typically travel across five neurons as signals travel from the CNS to their destination at the effector.

A

False

41
Q

Matching: This muscle is the prime mover of arm flexion. Its attachments include the clavicle, sternum, and humerus.

A

Pectoralis major

42
Q

Matching: This muscle attaches to the xiphoid process and the pubis. It functions in flexion of the vertebral column and helps to compress the abdomen.

A

Rectus abdominis

43
Q

Matching: This muscle acts to adduct the thigh and flex the knee. It extends from the pubis and ischium to the superolateral surface of the tibia.

A

Gracilis

44
Q

Matching: This muscle helps when flexing the hip and knee, and is especially useful when one crosses their legs. It extends from the anterior superior iliac spine and to the tibial tuberosity.

A

Sartorius

45
Q

Matching: The attachments of this muscle include the greater wing and pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone and the mandibular ramus. It functions in depression of the jaw.

A

Lateral pterygoid

46
Q

Matching: This muscle elevates the scapula and assists in flexing the neck laterally. It attaches to the first four cervical vertebrae and the scapula.

A

Levator scapulae

47
Q

Matching: This muscle attaches to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and phalanges II-V. It functions to extend the wrist and adduct the hand.

A

Extensor digitorum

48
Q

Matching: This muscle is important in dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot. It attaches to the lateral margin of the tibia, the medial cuneiform, and metatarsal I.

A

Tibialis anterior

49
Q

Matching: This muscle extends from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the base of metacarpals II and III. It helps flex the wrist and abduct the hand.

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

50
Q

Matching: This muscle pronates the arm. It’s found at the distal portion of the radius and ulna.

A

Pronator quadratus

Anatomy (37 decks)

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