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Anatomy > Ch. 13 Quiz + Assignment > Flashcards

Ch. 13 Quiz + Assignment Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ division carries signals to the smooth muscle in the large intestine.

somatic motor
visceral motor
afferent
visceral sensory
somatic sensory

A

visceral motor

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2
Q

Which of the following is an effector?

an efferent neuron
an afferent neuron
a gland
a sense organ
an interneuron

A

a gland

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3
Q

Which of the following is not true?

interneurons are only found in the CNS

oligodendrocytes are found only in the CNS

the visceral motor division is further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

satellite cells are found only in the PNS

the CNS consists of the brain, cranial nerves, and spinal cord

A

the CNS consists of the brain, cranial nerves, and spinal cord

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4
Q

What is the most common type of neuron?

unipolar
dendritic
multipolar
bipolar
anaxonic

A

multipolar

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5
Q

A unipolar neuron with its neurosoma in a ganglion just outside the spinal cord is functionally classified as which of the following?

somatic motor neuron
visceral motor neuron
sensory neuron
interneuron
synaptic neuron

A

sensory neuron

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6
Q

The term “nerve fiber” refers to a/an ________

bundle of macromolecules in nerve cells
organ
organelle in nerve cells
nerve cell
axon

A

axon

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7
Q

The trigger zone of a neuron includes which of the following?

the axon hillock
the axon terminals
the dendrites
each myelin sheath gap
each internal segment

A

the axon hillock

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8
Q

The integrative function of the nervous system is associated especially with which of the following?

the efferent neurons
the interneurons
the afferent neurons
the sensory neurons
the effectors

A

the interneurons

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9
Q

Which of the following is not a feature of neurons?

conductivity
excitability
secretion
contractility
chromatophilic substance

A

contractility

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10
Q

Blood capillaries of the brain are enveloped by which of the following?

myelin sheaths
astrocytes
endoneurium
microglia
satellite cells

A

astrocytes

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11
Q

A myelin sheath is composed primarily of _____

lipids
polysaccharides
carbohydrates
glycoproteins
proteins

A

lipids

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12
Q

Which glial cell is found wrapped around nerve fibers in the PNS?

Schwann cells
myelin sheath gaps
ependymal cells
satellite cells
oligodendrocytes

A

Schwann cells

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13
Q

Which cells would you expect to increase in number during an infection of the CNS?

Schwann cells
ependymal cells
microglia
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes

A

microglia

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14
Q

Myelin consists mainly of which of the following?

cholesterol
proteins
phospholipids
lipofuscin
carbohydrates

A

phospholipids

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15
Q

In PNS nerve fiber regeneration, how is a growing axon directed to its original destination?

it grows within a regeneration tube

the axon grows a collateral that is directed by growth factors secreted by the postsynaptic neuron

injured Schwann cells produce a trail of prostaglandins to the original destination

the axonal terminals grow towards the neurosoma until the two fragments are reunited

A

it grows within a regeneration tube

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16
Q

A friend of yours suffers a blow to the forehead and loses sensation in her scalp due to the crushing of peripheral nerves. Is there a possibility she will regain sensation in the area?

yes, because satellite cells undergo mitosis and produce growth factors that enable damaged axons to regenerate

yes, because damaged peripheral axons may regenerate due to the presence of a neurilemma and an endoneurium

no, because peripheral nerves lack an endometrium and a neurolemma

no, because damaged neurons have very limited potential for mitosis

yes, because the damaged neurons may regenerate through the process of mitosis

A

yes, because damaged peripheral axons may regenerate due to the presence of a neurilemma and an endoneurium

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17
Q

In order to regenerate, a peripheral nerve fiber must have which of the following?

at least part of the neurosoma intact

at least the entire axon and neurolemma intact

the neurosoma and at least some neurilemma intact

all dendrites intact

at least half the length of the fiber intact

A

the neurosoma and at least some neurilemma intact

18
Q

Which of the following is not true of electrical synapses?

adjacent cells are joined by gap junctions
cardiac muscle cells are joined by such synapses
they facilitate quick transmission of signals
ions diffuse directly from one cell to the next
they are useful for integrating information and making decisions

A

they are useful for integrating information and making decisions

19
Q

What is the primary site on a neuron for receiving signals from other neurons?

the axon collaterals
the neurosomas
the axons
the axon terminals
the dendrites

A

the dendrites

20
Q

An action potential results from which of the following?

the diffusion of ions across the plasma membrane in the neurosoma

the exocytosis of potassium ions

the diffusion of ions across the plasma membrane of the axon

the diffusion of neurotransmitters across the plasma membrane

the endocytosis of neurotransmitters

A

the diffusion of ions across the plasma membrane of the axon

21
Q

In which neuronal circuit does the input from one neuron lead to an output from multiple neurons?

converging
parallel after-discharge
facilitated
reverberating
diverging

A

diverging

22
Q

Which type of neural circuit allows one motor neuron in the brain to cause thousands of muscle fibers to contract?

parallel after-discharge
recruitment
long-term potentiation
diverging
converging

A

diverging

23
Q

Which of the following is a genetically inherited condition that results from the lack of lysomal enzyme that normally decomposes a type of glycolipid?

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
multiple sclerosis
spina bifida
microcephaly
Tay-Sachs disease

A

Tay-Sachs disease

24
Q

Which immune disorder results in deterioration of the myelin sheath in the CNS?

multiple sclerosis
anencephaly
spina bifida
tay-sacks disease
Parkinson’s disease

A

multiple sclerosis

25
Q

Lateral outgrowths of which of the following develop into the cerebral hemispheres?

telencephalon
diencephalon
mesencephalon
neural tube
mesencephalon

A

telencephalon

26
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the nervous system?

Receiving information about the conditions of the body

Sending commands to muscles

Responding to hormones that come in contact with the plasma membrane

Releasing neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron

Processing information and relating it to past experience

A

Responding to hormones that come in contact with the plasma membrane

27
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the functions of the nervous system is/are true? Check all that apply.

The nervous system is an organ system dedicated to control and coordination of body cells.

The nervous system communicates via hormones.

Sensory nerve endings transmit messages to the spinal cord and brain.

The nervous system’s major subdivisions are the CNS and PNS.

The nervous system responds slowly and relies on the blood stream to carry its neurotransmitters.

A

The nervous system is an organ system dedicated to control and coordination of body cells.

Sensory nerve endings transmit messages to the spinal cord and brain.

The nervous system’s major subdivisions are the CNS and PNS.

28
Q

Which of the following is/are accurate statement(s) regarding the divisions of the nervous system? Check all that apply.

The sympathetic division tends to arouse the body for action.

The visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system) carries signals to glands, skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle.

The somatic motor division carries signals to the neurosomas of the neurons.

The parasympathetic division tends to have a calming effect.

The central nervous system has both a motor and sensory division.

A

The sympathetic division tends to arouse the body for action.

The parasympathetic division tends to have a calming effect.

29
Q

The __________ division of the nervous system tends to prepare the body for action.

sensory afferent
motor afferent
somatic motor
parasympathetic
sympathetic

A

sympathetic

30
Q

Which of the following are universal properties that exist in all neurons? Check all that apply.

Excitability
Conductivity
Irritability
Secretion
Absorption

A

Excitability
Conductivity
Irritability
Secretion

31
Q

Which of the following is the most common structural type of neuron?

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar
Anaxonic
Dendritic

A

Multipolar

32
Q

The integrative functions of the nervous system are performed mainly by __________.

afferent neurons
efferent neurons
neuroglia
sensory neurons
interneurons

A

interneurons

33
Q

Neurons that convey information to the CNS are called sensory, or __________, neurons.

A

afferent

34
Q

Which of the following glial cells form myelin in the spinal cord?

Schwann cells
Astrocytes
Satellite cells
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia

A

Oligodendrocytes

35
Q

Which of the following glial cells destroy microorganisms in the CNS?

microglia
satellite cells
ependymal cells
oligodendrocytes
astrocytes

A

microglia

36
Q

In the central nervous system, cells called __________ perform one of the same functions that Schwann cells do in the peripheral nervous system.

A

oligodendrocytes

37
Q

Where are neurotransmitters found?

The cell bodies of neurons
The dendrites
The axon hillock
The axon terminals
The postsynaptic plasma membrane

A

The axon terminals

38
Q

The neurons that participate in a given synapse are named according to their position relative to the synaptic cleft, and the direction of the signal transmission. Therefore, at a given synapse, the __________ neuron is the one with the neurotransmitter receptors.

A

postsynaptic

39
Q

The point where a neuron meets with another cells is a/an __________.

synapse
dendrite
axon
neurotransmitter

A

synapse

40
Q

A(n) __________ synapse is formed when a presynaptic neuron synapses with the cell body of a postsynaptic neuron.

A

axosomatic

41
Q

The brain tissue of the embryo is derived from which of the three primary germ layers?

Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
Neuroectoderm

A

Ectoderm

42
Q

Which two secondary vesicles will develop from the primary vesicle of the forebrain?

Mesencephalon and telencephalon

Telencephalon and diencephalon

Rhombencephalon and metencephalon

Myelencephalon and mesencephalon

A

Telencephalon and diencephalon

Anatomy (37 decks)

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