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Anatomy > Ch. 10 Assignment & Quiz > Flashcards

Ch. 10 Assignment & Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a muscle cell?

plasticity
contractility
conductivity
extensibility
excitability

A

plasticity

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2
Q

Which of the following is not a property that all muscle cells must have to carry out their function?

extensibility
elasticity
audtorhythmicity
contractility
conductivity

A

autorhythmicity

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3
Q

Muscle cells respond to stimuli because they are __________.

excitable
durable
immortal
precursors

A

excitable

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4
Q

Which of the following individuals would have more mitochondria in his skeletal muscle?

a 50-yr-old sedentary computer programmer
a 22-yr-old football player
a long-term hospice patient
a model on a reduced-calorie diet
a newborn

A

a 22-yr-old football player

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5
Q

The __________ of skeletal muscle play the same role as dense bodies in smooth muscle.

A

Z discs

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6
Q

Which of the following muscle proteins is not intracellular?

actin
myosin
collagen
troponin
dystrophin

A

collagen

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7
Q

Parts of the sarcoplasmic reticulum called terminal __________ lie on each side of a T tubule.

A

cisternae

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8
Q

Thick myofilaments consist mainly of the protein __________.

A

myosin

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9
Q

Which muscle(s) can contract without the need for nervous stimulation?

skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth and cardiac muscle
skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle

A

smooth and cardiac muscle

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10
Q

Which of the following has the largest mitochondria?

slow oxidative fibers
fast glycolytic fibers
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
intermediate fibers

A

cardiac muscle

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11
Q

Cardiac muscle has very little capacity for regeneration because it lacks __________.

satellite cells
endomysium
sarcomeres
dense bodies
somatic nerve fibers

A

satellite cells

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12
Q

Skeletal muscle fibers develop by the fusion of __________, which are embryonic cells.

A

myoblasts

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13
Q

Most skeletal muscle tissue arises from embryonic __________.

ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm

A

mesoderm

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14
Q

Weakness in the elderly is due in part to changes in the muscular system but also due to __________.

fewer motor neurons in the spinal cord
increased neuronal production of acetylcholine
more muscle fibers in a motor unit
fewer motor units recruited for a specific activity

A

fewer motor neurons in the spinal cord

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15
Q

Increasing muscle strength late in life is __________.

possible with as little as 40 minutes of exercise per week
possible with two or three hours of exercise per week
not possible due to fibrous tissue replacing muscle

A

possible with as little as 40 minutes of exercise per week

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16
Q

Dystrophin is the protein that is defective in muscular dystrophy. Where is it normally found?

Between the thin myofilaments and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber
As a transmembrane protein of the sarcolemma
In the Z discs of skeletal and cardiac muscle
In the dense bodies of smooth muscle
Bridging the gap between the sarcolemma and axon terminal

A

Between the thin myofilaments and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber

17
Q

Which statement best describes the goal of medications used to treat myasthenia gravis?

To increase the number of ACh receptors
To increase the number of ACh receptors
To promote multiple motor unit summation
To inhibit Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
To inhibit the function of cholinesterase

A

To inhibit the function of cholinesterase

18
Q

The study of the muscular system is known as __________.

pathophysiology
myology
neurology
kinesiology
biology

A

myology

19
Q

All muscle types will respond to an electrical stimulus because all muscle cells are _________.

excitable
contractile
isometric
involuntary
striated

A

excitable

20
Q

The absence or inhibition of acetylcholinesterase at a synapse would lead to __________.

flaccid paralysis
continued muscle contraction
atrophy
muscle wasting
numbness

A

continued muscle contraction

21
Q

Where in a sarcomere do actin and myosin overlap?

the I band
the M line
the Z disc
the A band
the H band

A

the A band

22
Q

What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?

It binds to tropomyosin to expose a binding site for thick myofilaments.

It binds to troponin to expose a myosin binding site.

It stimulates the passage of an electrical signal along the length of the sarcolemma.

It binds to troponin to expose an actin binding site.

It provides energy for contraction.

A

It binds to troponin to expose a myosin binding site.

23
Q

What is the loss of muscle mass from disuse called?

hypoplasia
tetanus
myasthenia gravis
myopathy
atrophy

A

atrophy

24
Q

Which of the following is not true of elastic filaments?

They attach to Z discs.
They are composed of titin.
They run through the core of thin myofilaments.
They prevent overstretching of muscle fibers.
They help to stabilize thick myofilaments.

A

They run through the core of thin myofilaments.

25
Q

Slow oxidative fibers have more __________ and less __________ than fast glycolytic fibers.

myoglobin; lactic acid
lactic acid; ATP
capillaries; mitochondria
glycogen; myoglobin
ATP; mitochondria

A

myoglobin; lactic acid

26
Q

What comprises a motor unit?

The distance from one Z disc to the next

One myofibril of a muscle fiber

One nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers innervated by it

One thick myofilament and all thin myofilaments with which it forms cross-bridges

One neuromuscular junction

A

One nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers innervated by it

27
Q

At rest, skeletal muscles receive approximately what percentage of blood pumped by the heart?

2%
10%
50%
25%
75%

A

25%

28
Q

In a sarcomere, thin myofilaments are anchored to a __________ disc.

A

Z

29
Q

Which protein acts as a calcium receptor in skeletal muscle?

dystrophin
tropomyosin
titin
F actin
troponin

A

troponin

30
Q

The enzyme __________ breaks down acetylcholine and removes it from the synaptic cleft.

A

Acetylcholinesterase

31
Q

To stimulate muscle contraction, acetylcholine is released from the ___________ into the synaptic cleft.

postsynaptic membrane folds
sarcolemma
terminal cistern
sarcoplasmic reticulum
synaptic vesicles

A

synaptic vesicles

32
Q

Which of the following structures store calcium ions that trigger skeletal muscle contraction?

mitochondria
myofibrils
sarcoplasmic reticulum
synaptic vesicles
T tubules

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

33
Q

Which of the following contains overlapping thick and thin myofilaments?

M line
I band
A band
Z discs
H band

A

A band

34
Q

Which of the following characterizes Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Muscles atrophy due to a loss of fat and scar tissue.
There is a defective gene for the protein called dystrophin.
There is a defective gene for the protein called duchennase.
More females are affected than males.
Muscles atrophy due to lack of response to acetylcholine.

A

There is a defective gene for the protein called dystrophin.

35
Q

Where is dystrophin, the protein that is defective in muscular dystrophy, normally found?

In the Z discs of skeletal and cardiac muscle

In the dense bodies of smooth muscle

Bridging the gap between the sarcolemma and synaptic knob

As a transmembrane protein of the sarcolemma

Between the outermost myofilaments and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber

A

Between the outermost myofilaments and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber

36
Q

Where would you expect to find numerous gap junctions in muscular tissue?

The intercalated discs of cardiac muscle
The sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle
The A bands of skeletal and cardiac muscle
The sarcolemma of skeletal muscle
Multiunit smooth muscle

A

The intercalated discs of cardiac muscle

37
Q

Which muscle type depends solely on the sarcoplasmic reticulum as its calcium source?

Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth and cardiac muscle
Skeletal and smooth muscle

A

Skeletal muscle

Anatomy (37 decks)

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