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Anatomy > Connect Ch. 19 > Flashcards

Connect Ch. 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

Blood transports a variety of nutrients.

Blood helps to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids.

Blood participates in the initiation of blood clotting.

Blood produces plasma hormones.

Blood helps to regulate body temperature.

A

Blood produces plasma hormones.

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2
Q

Production of all the formed elements of blood is called __________.

A

hemopoiesis

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3
Q

A normal hematocrit is ____________ of the total blood volume.

less than 1%
47% to 63%
25% to 37%
42% to 45%
37% to 52%

A

37% to 52%

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4
Q

Which of the following characteristics of a red blood cell increases its ability to carry oxygen to the tissues? Check all that apply.

Lacking mitochondria, RBCs rely exclusively on anaerobic fermentation to produce ATP.

The cytoplasm of an RBC consists mainly of a 33% solution of hemoglobin.

RBCs lose nearly all organelles during their development.

The cytoplasm also contains an enzyme, carbonic anhydrase.

Lacking a nucleus and DNA, RBCs also are incapable of protein synthesis and mitosis.

A

Lacking mitochondria, RBCs rely exclusively on anaerobic fermentation to produce ATP.

The cytoplasm of an RBC consists mainly of a 33% solution of hemoglobin.

RBCs lose nearly all organelles during their development.

Lacking a nucleus and DNA, RBCs also are incapable of protein synthesis and mitosis.

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5
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding erythrocytes?

Erythrocytes are spherical in shape.

Erythrocytes contain mitochondria for aerobic respiration.

Erythrocytes are multinucleated.

Erythrocytes contain glycolipids that determine blood type.

A

Erythrocytes contain glycolipids that determine blood type.

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6
Q

The most abundant formed elements seen in most stained blood films are __________.

erythrocytes

neutrophils

lymphocytes

platelets

monocytes

A

erythrocytes

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7
Q

Heparin and histamine are secreted by __________.

plasma cells

basophils

B lymphocytes

platelets

neutrophils

A

basophils

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8
Q

Allergies stimulate a rise in __________ count.

erythrocyte
platelet
eosinophil
monocyte
neutrophil

A

eosinophil

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9
Q

During most of their lifetime, leukocytes are found __________.

residing in the connective tissues
circulating in the blood stream
colonizing lymphatic tissue
recycling heme in the liver

A

residing in the connective tissues

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10
Q

Within leukocytes, the chemicals and enzymes used to fight pathogens are found ___________.

in the granules
in the nucleus
free in the cytoplasm

A

in the granules

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11
Q

Platelets release ____________, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to vascular spasm.

heparin
thrombin
thromboplastin
prostacyclin
serotonin

A

serotonin

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12
Q

Which of the following is not a function of platelets?

Coagulation

Plugging broken blood vessels

Stimulating vasoconstriction

Transporting oxygen

Recruiting neutrophils

A

Transporting oxygen

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13
Q

Platelets aid in stimulating fibroblasts and smooth muscle to repair a blood vessel through the production of ___________.

platelet-derived growth factor
factor XII
fibrin-digesting enzyme
serotonin

A

platelet-derived growth factor

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14
Q

Thrombopoiesis is the synthesis of __________.

erythrocytes

platelets

a blood clot

hemoglobin

antigens

A

platelets

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15
Q

Which of the following are more likely to occur in old age? Check all that apply.

Pernicious anemia
Decreased EPO production
Thrombosis
Hemophilia

A

Pernicious anemia
Decreased EPO production
Thrombosis

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16
Q

What is the term for an excess of red blood cells in a hematocrit count?

Thrombocytopenia
Leukocytosis
Polycythemia
Leukemia

A

Polycythemia

17
Q

Heavy metal poisoning, radiation, the flu, and chickenpox can all lead to _________.

leukopenia
leukophilia
lymphophilia
polycythemia

A

leukopenia

18
Q

Which of the following would not cause leukocytosis?

Water intoxication
Allergy
Infection
Emotional disturbance

A

Water intoxication

19
Q

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

Participates in the initiation of blood clotting
Helps to regulate body temperature
Helps to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids
Produces plasma hormones
Transports a variety of nutrients

A

Produces plasma hormones

20
Q

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

Hormone production

Heat transfer

pH buffering

Clotting

Nutrient transport

A

Hormone production

21
Q

What is the most abundant protein in plasma?

Insulin
Albumin
Creatine
Creatinine
Bilirubin

A

Albumin

22
Q

Which plasma proteins are not produced by the liver?

Alpha globulins
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Gamma globulins
Enzymes involved in the clotting process

A

Gamma globulins

23
Q

What is the average life span of red blood cells?

Several decades
20 days
4 to 5 days
10 days
120 days

A

120 days

24
Q

Where in the body are hematopoietic stem cells found?

Yellow bone marrow
Thymus
Liver
Red bone marrow
Spleen

A

Red bone marrow

25
Q

Most oxygen is transported in the blood bound to __________.

alpha chains in hemoglobin
beta chains in hemoglobin
heme groups in hemoglobin
delta chains in hemoglobin
the plasma membrane of erythrocytes

A

heme groups in hemoglobin

26
Q

At what developmental stage do red blood cells leave the bone marrow and enter the circulating blood?

Erythroblast
Myeloblast
Reticulocyte
Precursor cell
Erythrocyte

A

Reticulocyte

27
Q

A person with type AB blood has __________ RBC antigen(s).

no
anti-A and anti-B
anti-A
anti-B
A and B

A

A and B

28
Q

The number of __________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections.

monocytes
neutrophils
erythrocytes
basophils
eosinophils

A

neutrophils

29
Q

What is the most abundant type of white blood cell?

Monocyte
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
Lymphocyte

A

Neutrophil

30
Q

Which cells aid in the body’s defense processes by secreting histamine and heparin?

Basophils
Eosinophils
Platelets
Neutrophils
Monocytes

A

Basophils

31
Q

Where does myeloid hemopoiesis take place in adults?

Spleen
Red bone marrow
Yellow bone marrow
Liver
Thymus

A

Red bone marrow

32
Q

What are the most abundant agranulocytes?

Neutrophils
Monocytes
Macrophages
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes

A

Lymphocytes

33
Q

Where are most clotting factors synthesized in the body?

Kidneys
Spleen
Red bone marrow
Liver
Perivascular tissue

A

Liver

34
Q

Platelets release __________, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm.

heparin
thrombin
thromboplastin
serotonin
prostacyclin

A

serotonin

35
Q

What would be the effect of a genetic defect in a clotting factor that normally is part of the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin?

Platelets would not adhere to one another to form the platelet plug.

Plasmin would not be produced, and the clot would remain on the wall of the blood vessel without dissolving.

Platelets would not be able to release serotonin.

A clot that seals the break in a blood vessel would not form.

Platelet-derived growth factor would be lacking, and smooth muscle in the walls of broken blood vessels would not be repaired.

A

A clot that seals the break in a blood vessel would not form.

36
Q

Which of the following is true of megakaryocytes?

They aggregate to plug tears in blood vessels.

They secrete histamine.

They give rise to macrophages.

They are small (no larger than 2 to 4 mm in diameter).

They give rise to platelets.

A

They give rise to platelets.

37
Q

What is a low number of circulating leukocytes called?

Oligoleukosis

Leukopenia

Leukemia

Polycythemia

Leukocytosis

A

Leukopenia

38
Q

Which of the following is most likely to cause anemia?

Air pollution other than by carbon monoxide
Smoking
Renal disease
High altitude
Any factor that creates a state of hypoxemia

A

Renal disease

Anatomy (37 decks)

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