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Anatomy > Connect Ch. 19 > Flashcards

Connect Ch. 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

Blood transports a variety of nutrients.

Blood helps to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids.

Blood participates in the initiation of blood clotting.

Blood produces plasma hormones.

Blood helps to regulate body temperature.

A

Blood produces plasma hormones.

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2
Q

Production of all the formed elements of blood is called __________.

A

hemopoiesis

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3
Q

A normal hematocrit is ____________ of the total blood volume.

less than 1%
47% to 63%
25% to 37%
42% to 45%
37% to 52%

A

37% to 52%

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4
Q

Which of the following characteristics of a red blood cell increases its ability to carry oxygen to the tissues? Check all that apply.

Lacking mitochondria, RBCs rely exclusively on anaerobic fermentation to produce ATP.

The cytoplasm of an RBC consists mainly of a 33% solution of hemoglobin.

RBCs lose nearly all organelles during their development.

The cytoplasm also contains an enzyme, carbonic anhydrase.

Lacking a nucleus and DNA, RBCs also are incapable of protein synthesis and mitosis.

A

Lacking mitochondria, RBCs rely exclusively on anaerobic fermentation to produce ATP.

The cytoplasm of an RBC consists mainly of a 33% solution of hemoglobin.

RBCs lose nearly all organelles during their development.

Lacking a nucleus and DNA, RBCs also are incapable of protein synthesis and mitosis.

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5
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding erythrocytes?

Erythrocytes are spherical in shape.

Erythrocytes contain mitochondria for aerobic respiration.

Erythrocytes are multinucleated.

Erythrocytes contain glycolipids that determine blood type.

A

Erythrocytes contain glycolipids that determine blood type.

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6
Q

The most abundant formed elements seen in most stained blood films are __________.

erythrocytes

neutrophils

lymphocytes

platelets

monocytes

A

erythrocytes

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7
Q

Heparin and histamine are secreted by __________.

plasma cells

basophils

B lymphocytes

platelets

neutrophils

A

basophils

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8
Q

Allergies stimulate a rise in __________ count.

erythrocyte
platelet
eosinophil
monocyte
neutrophil

A

eosinophil

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9
Q

During most of their lifetime, leukocytes are found __________.

residing in the connective tissues
circulating in the blood stream
colonizing lymphatic tissue
recycling heme in the liver

A

residing in the connective tissues

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10
Q

Within leukocytes, the chemicals and enzymes used to fight pathogens are found ___________.

in the granules
in the nucleus
free in the cytoplasm

A

in the granules

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11
Q

Platelets release ____________, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to vascular spasm.

heparin
thrombin
thromboplastin
prostacyclin
serotonin

A

serotonin

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12
Q

Which of the following is not a function of platelets?

Coagulation

Plugging broken blood vessels

Stimulating vasoconstriction

Transporting oxygen

Recruiting neutrophils

A

Transporting oxygen

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13
Q

Platelets aid in stimulating fibroblasts and smooth muscle to repair a blood vessel through the production of ___________.

platelet-derived growth factor
factor XII
fibrin-digesting enzyme
serotonin

A

platelet-derived growth factor

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14
Q

Thrombopoiesis is the synthesis of __________.

erythrocytes

platelets

a blood clot

hemoglobin

antigens

A

platelets

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15
Q

Which of the following are more likely to occur in old age? Check all that apply.

Pernicious anemia
Decreased EPO production
Thrombosis
Hemophilia

A

Pernicious anemia
Decreased EPO production
Thrombosis

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16
Q

What is the term for an excess of red blood cells in a hematocrit count?

Thrombocytopenia
Leukocytosis
Polycythemia
Leukemia

A

Polycythemia

17
Q

Heavy metal poisoning, radiation, the flu, and chickenpox can all lead to _________.

leukopenia
leukophilia
lymphophilia
polycythemia

A

leukopenia

18
Q

Which of the following would not cause leukocytosis?

Water intoxication
Allergy
Infection
Emotional disturbance

A

Water intoxication

19
Q

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

Participates in the initiation of blood clotting
Helps to regulate body temperature
Helps to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids
Produces plasma hormones
Transports a variety of nutrients

A

Produces plasma hormones

20
Q

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

Hormone production

Heat transfer

pH buffering

Clotting

Nutrient transport

A

Hormone production

21
Q

What is the most abundant protein in plasma?

Insulin
Albumin
Creatine
Creatinine
Bilirubin

22
Q

Which plasma proteins are not produced by the liver?

Alpha globulins
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Gamma globulins
Enzymes involved in the clotting process

A

Gamma globulins

23
Q

What is the average life span of red blood cells?

Several decades
20 days
4 to 5 days
10 days
120 days

24
Q

Where in the body are hematopoietic stem cells found?

Yellow bone marrow
Thymus
Liver
Red bone marrow
Spleen

A

Red bone marrow

25
Most oxygen is transported in the blood bound to __________. alpha chains in hemoglobin beta chains in hemoglobin heme groups in hemoglobin delta chains in hemoglobin the plasma membrane of erythrocytes
heme groups in hemoglobin
26
At what developmental stage do red blood cells leave the bone marrow and enter the circulating blood? Erythroblast Myeloblast Reticulocyte Precursor cell Erythrocyte
Reticulocyte
27
A person with type AB blood has __________ RBC antigen(s). no anti-A and anti-B anti-A anti-B A and B
A and B
28
The number of __________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections. monocytes neutrophils erythrocytes basophils eosinophils
neutrophils
29
What is the most abundant type of white blood cell? Monocyte Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Lymphocyte
Neutrophil
30
Which cells aid in the body's defense processes by secreting histamine and heparin? Basophils Eosinophils Platelets Neutrophils Monocytes
Basophils
31
Where does myeloid hemopoiesis take place in adults? Spleen Red bone marrow Yellow bone marrow Liver Thymus
Red bone marrow
32
What are the most abundant agranulocytes? Neutrophils Monocytes Macrophages Eosinophils Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes
33
Where are most clotting factors synthesized in the body? Kidneys Spleen Red bone marrow Liver Perivascular tissue
Liver
34
Platelets release __________, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm. heparin thrombin thromboplastin serotonin prostacyclin
serotonin
35
What would be the effect of a genetic defect in a clotting factor that normally is part of the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin? Platelets would not adhere to one another to form the platelet plug. Plasmin would not be produced, and the clot would remain on the wall of the blood vessel without dissolving. Platelets would not be able to release serotonin. A clot that seals the break in a blood vessel would not form. Platelet-derived growth factor would be lacking, and smooth muscle in the walls of broken blood vessels would not be repaired.
A clot that seals the break in a blood vessel would not form.
36
Which of the following is true of megakaryocytes? They aggregate to plug tears in blood vessels. They secrete histamine. They give rise to macrophages. They are small (no larger than 2 to 4 mm in diameter). They give rise to platelets.
They give rise to platelets.
37
What is a low number of circulating leukocytes called? Oligoleukosis Leukopenia Leukemia Polycythemia Leukocytosis
Leukopenia
38
Which of the following is most likely to cause anemia? Air pollution other than by carbon monoxide Smoking Renal disease High altitude Any factor that creates a state of hypoxemia
Renal disease

Anatomy (37 decks)

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