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Anatomy > Ch. 14 Quiz + Assignment > Flashcards

Ch. 14 Quiz + Assignment Flashcards

1
Q

Which term best describes nerve fiber tracts that cross over from one side of the body to the other?

ipsilateral
contraindicate
divergent
convergent
decussate

A

decussate

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2
Q

Which structure links the right and left sides of the gray matter in the spinal cord?

the mental canal
the gray commissure
the ventral horn
the posterior horn
the posterior ramus

A

the gray commissure

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3
Q

What do the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord contain?

myelin
dorsal roots
interneurons
dorsal root ganglia
motor neurons

A

interneurons

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4
Q

The bundle of nerve roots that occupy the vertebral canal from L2 to S5 is called the ______

spinal cord
lumbosacral enlargement
medullary cone
caudal equina
cervical enlargement

A

caudal equina

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5
Q

Which part of the spinal cord contains somas of somatic motor neurons?

the arachnoid
the lateral horns
the posterior horns
the anterior horns
the spinothalamic tract

A

the anterior horns

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6
Q

Motor commands are carried by _______ from the brain along the spinal cord.

cranial nerves
spinal nerves
both anterior and posterior roots
ascending tracts
descending tracts

A

descending tracts

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7
Q

What role does a first-order neuron play in the passage of a sensory signal to the brain?

the first-order neuron has no role in sensory signal transmission

the first-order neuron carries the signal to the sensory area of the cerebral cortex

the first-order neuron carries the sensory signal to the thalamus

the soma of the first-order neuron is in the cerebral cortex, and the axon terminates in the spinal cord

the first-order neuron detects the stimulus and transmits a signal to the spinal cord or brain-stem

A

the first-order neuron detects the stimulus and transmits a signal to the spinal cord or brain-stem

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8
Q

What occupies the epidural space around the spinal cord?

dura mater
dense regular connective tissue
cerebrospinal fluuid
adipose tissue
blood

A

adipose tissue

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9
Q

Many upper motor neurons synapse with lower motor neurons in the ______.

anterior funiculus
posterior root ganglion
posterior funiculus
anterior horn
posterior horn

A

anterior horn

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10
Q

Epidural anesthesia is introduced to the epidural space between the _____ to block pain signals during pregnancy.

arachnoid mater and pia mater
dural sheath and vertebral bones
dura mater and arachnoid mater
dura mater and pia mater
dural sheath and dura mater

A

dural sheath and vertebral bones

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11
Q

The middle meninx around the spinal cord is the _____.

perineurium
arachnoid mater
dura mater
epineurium
pia mater

A

arachnoid mater

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12
Q

What does the word root “spino” in the name of a spinal tract indicate?

it. consists of descending fibers
its fibers do not extend beyond the spinal cord
its fibers form a spinal nerve
it is a sensory pathway
it is a motor pathway

A

it is a sensory pathway

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13
Q

The structure found between the posterior rootlets and the posterior root ganglion is called the ______.

posterior horn
spinal nerve
posterior root
anterior root
anterior horn

A

posterior root

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14
Q

Which plexus contains nerves that supply the upper limb?

cervical
lumbar
sacral
brachial
axillary

A

brachial

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15
Q

Spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord by which of the following structures?

posterior and anterior roots
posterior and anterior horns
the central canal
the gray comissure
anterior root ganglia

A

posterior and anterior roots

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16
Q

Which is the non visual awareness of the body’s position in space called?

proprioception
stretch perception
sensory awareness
cerebellocortical perception
equilibrium

A

proprioception

17
Q

Which plexus gives rise to the sciatic nerve?

sacral
lumbar
cervical
brachial
coccygeal

A

sacral

18
Q

Nerve fibers are insulated from one another by _____.

epineurium
blood vessels
perineurium
fascicles
endoneurium

A

endoneurium

19
Q

If the phrenic nerve were cut, what would be a result?

problems with breathing
inability to flex the arm
inability to flex the neck
paralysis of the anterior neck muscles
inability to extend the arm

A

problems with breathing

20
Q

There are ________ pairs of spinal nerves.

35
31
62
24
12

A

31

21
Q

Voluntary motor impulses leave the spinal cord via the _____ of gray matter.

posterior funiculus
anterior funiculus
lateral horn
posterior horn
anterior horn

A

anterior horn

22
Q

Which one of the following best describes the order of a somatic reflex?

somatic receptor - efferent nerve fiber - interneuron - afferent nerve fiber - skeletal muscle

somatic receptor - afferent nerve fiber - interneuron - efferent nerve fiber - smooth muscle

somatic receptor - afferent nerve fiber - interneuron - efferent nerve fiber - skeletal muscle

somatic receptor - interneuron - afferent nerve fiber - efferent nerve fiber - skeletal muscle

somatic receptor - efferent nerve fiber - afferent nerve fiber - interneuron - skeletal muscle

A

somatic receptor - afferent nerve fiber - interneuron - efferent nerve fiber - skeletal muscle

23
Q

A reflex in which the sensory input and motor output are on opposite sides of the spinal cord is called a/an ______ reflex arc.

polysynaptic
ipsilateral
contralateral
monsynaptic
intersegmental

A

contralateral

24
Q

Which of the following is not a component of a reflex arc?

afferent nerve fibers
somatic receptors
integrating center
motor neurons in the cerebral cortex
efferent nerve fibers

A

motor neurons in the cerebral cortex

25
Q

What would you expect to be the result of an accident where a person severed the spinal cord at the level of T12?

hemiplegia
paraplegia
quadriplegia
paresis of the lower limbs
immediate death

A

paraplegia

26
Q

Which of the following are functions of the spinal cord? Check all that apply.

Conduction
Locomotion
Reflexes
Memory
Hormone release

A

Conduction
Locomotion
Reflexes

27
Q

Below L2, the vertebral canal is occupied by a bundle of spinal nerve roots called the _________.

terminal filum
descending tracts
gracile fasciculus
medullary cone
cauda equina

A

cauda equina

28
Q

Which of the following is most likely to be found between the dura mater and vertebral bone?

Arachnoid mater

Denticulate ligaments

Cartilage

Adipose tissue

Spongy bone

A

Adipose tissue

29
Q

Which of the following is not a region of the spinal cord?

Cervical
Thoracic
Pelvic
Lumbar
Sacral

A

Pelvic

30
Q

The crossing of a nerve fiber or tract from the right side of the CNS to the left, or vice versa, is called __________.

A

decussation

31
Q

What kind of nerve fibers innervate eyes and ears?

White
Visceral
Somatic
Special
General

A

Special

32
Q

There are _______ pairs of spinal nerves.

12
24
31
35
62

A

31

33
Q

The outermost connective tissue wrapping of a nerve is called the __________.

epineurium

perineurium

endoneurium

arachnoid mater

dura mater

A

epineurium

34
Q

Within a nerve, nerve fibers are gathered into bundles called what?

Fascicles
Tracts
Columns

A

Fascicles

35
Q

Which of the following is not a property shared by all somatic reflexes?

They are quick.

They are monosynaptic.

They require stimulation.

They are involuntary.

They are stereotyped.

A

They are monosynaptic.

36
Q

Which one of the following best describes the order of a somatic reflex?

Somatic receptor → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → skeletal muscle

Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → smooth muscle

A

Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

37
Q

A spinal cord injury at the level of T1 to L1 would result in which of the following categories of paralysis?

Paraplegia
Quadriplegia
Hemiplegia
Neuralgia

A

Paraplegia

Anatomy (37 decks)

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