Ch. 14 Quiz + Assignment Flashcards
Which term best describes nerve fiber tracts that cross over from one side of the body to the other?
ipsilateral
contraindicate
divergent
convergent
decussate
decussate
Which structure links the right and left sides of the gray matter in the spinal cord?
the mental canal
the gray commissure
the ventral horn
the posterior horn
the posterior ramus
the gray commissure
What do the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord contain?
myelin
dorsal roots
interneurons
dorsal root ganglia
motor neurons
interneurons
The bundle of nerve roots that occupy the vertebral canal from L2 to S5 is called the ______
spinal cord
lumbosacral enlargement
medullary cone
caudal equina
cervical enlargement
caudal equina
Which part of the spinal cord contains somas of somatic motor neurons?
the arachnoid
the lateral horns
the posterior horns
the anterior horns
the spinothalamic tract
the anterior horns
Motor commands are carried by _______ from the brain along the spinal cord.
cranial nerves
spinal nerves
both anterior and posterior roots
ascending tracts
descending tracts
descending tracts
What role does a first-order neuron play in the passage of a sensory signal to the brain?
the first-order neuron has no role in sensory signal transmission
the first-order neuron carries the signal to the sensory area of the cerebral cortex
the first-order neuron carries the sensory signal to the thalamus
the soma of the first-order neuron is in the cerebral cortex, and the axon terminates in the spinal cord
the first-order neuron detects the stimulus and transmits a signal to the spinal cord or brain-stem
the first-order neuron detects the stimulus and transmits a signal to the spinal cord or brain-stem
What occupies the epidural space around the spinal cord?
dura mater
dense regular connective tissue
cerebrospinal fluuid
adipose tissue
blood
adipose tissue
Many upper motor neurons synapse with lower motor neurons in the ______.
anterior funiculus
posterior root ganglion
posterior funiculus
anterior horn
posterior horn
anterior horn
Epidural anesthesia is introduced to the epidural space between the _____ to block pain signals during pregnancy.
arachnoid mater and pia mater
dural sheath and vertebral bones
dura mater and arachnoid mater
dura mater and pia mater
dural sheath and dura mater
dural sheath and vertebral bones
The middle meninx around the spinal cord is the _____.
perineurium
arachnoid mater
dura mater
epineurium
pia mater
arachnoid mater
What does the word root “spino” in the name of a spinal tract indicate?
it. consists of descending fibers
its fibers do not extend beyond the spinal cord
its fibers form a spinal nerve
it is a sensory pathway
it is a motor pathway
it is a sensory pathway
The structure found between the posterior rootlets and the posterior root ganglion is called the ______.
posterior horn
spinal nerve
posterior root
anterior root
anterior horn
posterior root
Which plexus contains nerves that supply the upper limb?
cervical
lumbar
sacral
brachial
axillary
brachial
Spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord by which of the following structures?
posterior and anterior roots
posterior and anterior horns
the central canal
the gray comissure
anterior root ganglia
posterior and anterior roots
Which is the non visual awareness of the body’s position in space called?
proprioception
stretch perception
sensory awareness
cerebellocortical perception
equilibrium
proprioception
Which plexus gives rise to the sciatic nerve?
sacral
lumbar
cervical
brachial
coccygeal
sacral
Nerve fibers are insulated from one another by _____.
epineurium
blood vessels
perineurium
fascicles
endoneurium
endoneurium
If the phrenic nerve were cut, what would be a result?
problems with breathing
inability to flex the arm
inability to flex the neck
paralysis of the anterior neck muscles
inability to extend the arm
problems with breathing
There are ________ pairs of spinal nerves.
35
31
62
24
12
31
Voluntary motor impulses leave the spinal cord via the _____ of gray matter.
posterior funiculus
anterior funiculus
lateral horn
posterior horn
anterior horn
anterior horn
Which one of the following best describes the order of a somatic reflex?
somatic receptor - efferent nerve fiber - interneuron - afferent nerve fiber - skeletal muscle
somatic receptor - afferent nerve fiber - interneuron - efferent nerve fiber - smooth muscle
somatic receptor - afferent nerve fiber - interneuron - efferent nerve fiber - skeletal muscle
somatic receptor - interneuron - afferent nerve fiber - efferent nerve fiber - skeletal muscle
somatic receptor - efferent nerve fiber - afferent nerve fiber - interneuron - skeletal muscle
somatic receptor - afferent nerve fiber - interneuron - efferent nerve fiber - skeletal muscle
A reflex in which the sensory input and motor output are on opposite sides of the spinal cord is called a/an ______ reflex arc.
polysynaptic
ipsilateral
contralateral
monsynaptic
intersegmental
contralateral
Which of the following is not a component of a reflex arc?
afferent nerve fibers
somatic receptors
integrating center
motor neurons in the cerebral cortex
efferent nerve fibers
motor neurons in the cerebral cortex
What would you expect to be the result of an accident where a person severed the spinal cord at the level of T12?
hemiplegia
paraplegia
quadriplegia
paresis of the lower limbs
immediate death
paraplegia
Which of the following are functions of the spinal cord? Check all that apply.
Conduction
Locomotion
Reflexes
Memory
Hormone release
Conduction
Locomotion
Reflexes
Below L2, the vertebral canal is occupied by a bundle of spinal nerve roots called the _________.
terminal filum
descending tracts
gracile fasciculus
medullary cone
cauda equina
cauda equina
Which of the following is most likely to be found between the dura mater and vertebral bone?
Arachnoid mater
Denticulate ligaments
Cartilage
Adipose tissue
Spongy bone
Adipose tissue
Which of the following is not a region of the spinal cord?
Cervical
Thoracic
Pelvic
Lumbar
Sacral
Pelvic
The crossing of a nerve fiber or tract from the right side of the CNS to the left, or vice versa, is called __________.
decussation
What kind of nerve fibers innervate eyes and ears?
White
Visceral
Somatic
Special
General
Special
There are _______ pairs of spinal nerves.
12
24
31
35
62
31
The outermost connective tissue wrapping of a nerve is called the __________.
epineurium
perineurium
endoneurium
arachnoid mater
dura mater
epineurium
Within a nerve, nerve fibers are gathered into bundles called what?
Fascicles
Tracts
Columns
Fascicles
Which of the following is not a property shared by all somatic reflexes?
They are quick.
They are monosynaptic.
They require stimulation.
They are involuntary.
They are stereotyped.
They are monosynaptic.
Which one of the following best describes the order of a somatic reflex?
Somatic receptor → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle
Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle
Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle
Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → skeletal muscle
Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → smooth muscle
Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle
A spinal cord injury at the level of T1 to L1 would result in which of the following categories of paralysis?
Paraplegia
Quadriplegia
Hemiplegia
Neuralgia
Paraplegia
