Ch. 3

Question 1

epithelial tissue

Answer 1

-closely adhering cells
-internal lining of hollow organ or body cavity, external surface of organ, secretory tissue pf a gland
-protection, secretion, excretion, and absorption
-avascular

Question 2

basement membrane

Answer 2

-anchors epithelium to connective tissue, regulates exchange of materials, binds growth factors
-contains: collagen and glycoproteins

-basal surface: faces basement membrane
-apical surface: faces away from basement membrane

Question 3

simple epithelia

Answer 3

every cell rests on basement membrane

-simple squamous epithelium
-simple cuboidal epithelium
-simple columnar epithelium
-pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 4

stratified epithelia

Answer 4

some cells rest on top of others and don’t touch basement membrane

-stratified squamous epithelium
-stratified cuboidal epithelium
-stratified columnar epithelium
-urothelium

Question 5

connective tissue

Answer 5

more extracellular matrix than cells

binding of organs
support
physical protection
immune protection
movement
storage
heat production
transport

Question 6

fibrous connective tissue cells

Answer 6

fibroblasts
macrophages
leukocytes
plasma cells
mast cells
adipocytes

Question 7

fibroblasts

Answer 7

produce fibers and ground substance

Question 8

macrophages

Answer 8

eat bacteria and debris

Question 9

leukocytes

Answer 9

white blood cells (i.e. neutrophils and lymphocytes) that help in body defenses

Question 10

plasma cells

Answer 10

produce antibodies

Question 11

mast cells

Answer 11

secrete heparin and histamine

Question 12

adipocytes

Answer 12

fat cells

Question 13

fibrous connective tissue fibers

Answer 13

collagenous
reticular
elastic

Question 14

collagenous fibers

Answer 14

tough and flexible (tendons and ligaments)

Question 15

reticular fibers

Answer 15

thin collagen fibers (spleen and lymph nodes)

Question 16

elastic fibers

Answer 16

stretch and recoil (lungs)

Question 17

loose connective tissue

Answer 17

areolar
reticular

Question 18

areolar

Answer 18

abundant, binds epithelia to deeper tissue

Question 19

reticular

Answer 19

supports lymphatic organs

Question 20

dense regular connective tissue

Answer 20

highly organized fibers
fibroblasts
tendons and ligaments
ex: elastic tissue

Question 21

dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 21

random arrangement of fibers
resists stress
most of the dermis

Question 22

adipose tissue

Answer 22

stores energy
protection

Question 23

cartilage

Answer 23

chondroblasts
lacunae
chondrocytes
avascular
types: hyaline, elastic fibrocartilage

Question 24

chondroblasts

Answer 24

cells that secrete cartilage matrix

Question 25

lacunae

Answer 25

small cavity surrounding a chondrocyte

Question 26

chondrocytes

Answer 26

cartilage cells in lacunae

Question 27

hyaline cartilage

Answer 27

eases joint movements, holds airway during respiration, precursor of bone in fetal skeleton over ends of bones at joints

Question 28

elastic cartilage

Answer 28

flexible, elastic support ear, epiglottis

Question 29

fibrocartilage

Answer 29

resists compression and absorbs shock in joints pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

Question 30

bone

Answer 30

spongy bone and compact bone -central canal -lamellae -osteon -osteocytes -canaliculi -periosteum

Question 31

blood

Answer 31

plasma formed elements: erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), platelets

Question 32

nervous tissue

Answer 32

neuroglia cells and neurons

Question 33

neuroglia (glial) cells

Answer 33

support the neurons

Question 34

neurons

Answer 34

transmit information

Question 35

muscular tissue

Answer 35

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 36

skeletal muscle

Answer 36

muscle fibers striations voluntary

Question 37

cardiac muscle

Answer 37

cardiomyocytes striations intercalated discs involuntary

Question 38

smooth muscle

Answer 38

fusiform myocytes non-striated involuntary

Question 39

endocrine gland

Answer 39

secretes hormone into blood

Question 40

exocrine gland

Answer 40

uses duct to secrete to body surface or cavity

Question 41

exocrine secretion types

Answer 41

serous glands, mucous glands, mixed glands

Question 42

serous glands

Answer 42

secrete thing, watery fluids

Question 43

mucous glands

Answer 43

secrete mucin that absorbs water to form mucus

Question 44

mixed glands

Answer 44

secrete a mix of watery and mucous secretions

Question 45

exocrine secretion methods

Answer 45

eccrine (merocrine) glands apocrine glands holocrine glands

Question 46

eccrine (merocrine) glands

Answer 46

exocytosis tear glands, pancreas, gastric glands

Question 47

apocrine glands

Answer 47

droplets bud from surface mammary and axillary glands

Question 48

holocrine glands

Answer 48

entire cell disintegrates thick, oily secretion oil producing glands of scalp and eyelid

Question 49

membranes

Answer 49

cutaneous, mucous, serous

Question 50

cutaneous

Answer 50

largest membrane; skin

Question 51

mucous

Answer 51

lines passageways to openings layers: - epithelium - lamina propria (areolar connective tissue) - muscular mucosae (simple squamous)

Question 52

hyperplasia

Answer 52

cell multiplication

Question 53

hypertrophy

Answer 53

enlargement of cells

Question 54

neoplasia

Answer 54

tumor development

Question 55

differentiation

Answer 55

specialization of form or function

Question 56

metaplasia

Answer 56

change from one tissue to another

Question 57

regeneration

Answer 57

replacement of dead cells

Question 58

fibrosis

Answer 58

scar tissue development

Question 59

atrophy

Answer 59

reduction in size or number

Question 60

necrosis

Answer 60

pathological death of tissue

Question 61

apoptosis

Answer 61

programmed cell death