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Anatomy > Ch. 3 > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Flashcards

1
Q

epithelial tissue

A

-closely adhering cells
-internal lining of hollow organ or body cavity, external surface of organ, secretory tissue pf a gland
-protection, secretion, excretion, and absorption
-avascular

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2
Q

basement membrane

A

-anchors epithelium to connective tissue, regulates exchange of materials, binds growth factors
-contains: collagen and glycoproteins

-basal surface: faces basement membrane
-apical surface: faces away from basement membrane

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3
Q

simple epithelia

A

every cell rests on basement membrane

-simple squamous epithelium
-simple cuboidal epithelium
-simple columnar epithelium
-pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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4
Q

stratified epithelia

A

some cells rest on top of others and don’t touch basement membrane

-stratified squamous epithelium
-stratified cuboidal epithelium
-stratified columnar epithelium
-urothelium

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5
Q

connective tissue

A

more extracellular matrix than cells

binding of organs
support
physical protection
immune protection
movement
storage
heat production
transport

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6
Q

fibrous connective tissue cells

A

fibroblasts
macrophages
leukocytes
plasma cells
mast cells
adipocytes

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7
Q

fibroblasts

A

produce fibers and ground substance

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8
Q

macrophages

A

eat bacteria and debris

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9
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells (i.e. neutrophils and lymphocytes) that help in body defenses

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10
Q

plasma cells

A

produce antibodies

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11
Q

mast cells

A

secrete heparin and histamine

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12
Q

adipocytes

A

fat cells

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13
Q

fibrous connective tissue fibers

A

collagenous
reticular
elastic

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14
Q

collagenous fibers

A

tough and flexible (tendons and ligaments)

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15
Q

reticular fibers

A

thin collagen fibers (spleen and lymph nodes)

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16
Q

elastic fibers

A

stretch and recoil (lungs)

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17
Q

loose connective tissue

A

areolar
reticular

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18
Q

areolar

A

abundant, binds epithelia to deeper tissue

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19
Q

reticular

A

supports lymphatic organs

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20
Q

dense regular connective tissue

A

highly organized fibers
fibroblasts
tendons and ligaments
ex: elastic tissue

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21
Q

dense irregular connective tissue

A

random arrangement of fibers
resists stress
most of the dermis

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22
Q

adipose tissue

A

stores energy
protection

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23
Q

cartilage

A

chondroblasts
lacunae
chondrocytes
avascular
types: hyaline, elastic fibrocartilage

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24
Q

chondroblasts

A

cells that secrete cartilage matrix

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25
Q

lacunae

A

small cavity surrounding a chondrocyte

26
Q

chondrocytes

A

cartilage cells in lacunae

27
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

eases joint movements, holds airway during respiration, precursor of bone in fetal skeleton

over ends of bones at joints

28
Q

elastic cartilage

A

flexible, elastic support

ear, epiglottis

29
Q

fibrocartilage

A

resists compression and absorbs shock in joints

pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

30
Q

bone

A

spongy bone and compact bone

-central canal
-lamellae
-osteon
-osteocytes
-canaliculi
-periosteum

31
Q

blood

A

plasma
formed elements: erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), platelets

32
Q

nervous tissue

A

neuroglia cells and neurons

33
Q

neuroglia (glial) cells

A

support the neurons

34
Q

neurons

A

transmit information

35
Q

muscular tissue

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

36
Q

skeletal muscle

A

muscle fibers
striations
voluntary

37
Q

cardiac muscle

A

cardiomyocytes
striations
intercalated discs
involuntary

38
Q

smooth muscle

A

fusiform myocytes
non-striated
involuntary

39
Q

endocrine gland

A

secretes hormone into blood

40
Q

exocrine gland

A

uses duct to secrete to body surface or cavity

41
Q

exocrine secretion types

A

serous glands, mucous glands, mixed glands

42
Q

serous glands

A

secrete thing, watery fluids

43
Q

mucous glands

A

secrete mucin that absorbs water to form mucus

44
Q

mixed glands

A

secrete a mix of watery and mucous secretions

45
Q

exocrine secretion methods

A

eccrine (merocrine) glands
apocrine glands
holocrine glands

46
Q

eccrine (merocrine) glands

A

exocytosis

tear glands, pancreas, gastric glands

47
Q

apocrine glands

A

droplets bud from surface

mammary and axillary glands

48
Q

holocrine glands

A

entire cell disintegrates

thick, oily secretion

oil producing glands of scalp and eyelid

49
Q

membranes

A

cutaneous, mucous, serous

50
Q

cutaneous

A

largest membrane; skin

51
Q

mucous

A

lines passageways to openings

layers:
- epithelium
- lamina propria (areolar connective tissue)
- muscular mucosae (simple squamous)

52
Q

hyperplasia

A

cell multiplication

53
Q

hypertrophy

A

enlargement of cells

54
Q

neoplasia

A

tumor development

55
Q

differentiation

A

specialization of form or function

56
Q

metaplasia

A

change from one tissue to another

57
Q

regeneration

A

replacement of dead cells

58
Q

fibrosis

A

scar tissue development

59
Q

atrophy

A

reduction in size or number

60
Q

necrosis

A

pathological death of tissue

61
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

Anatomy (37 decks)

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