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Anatomy > Etsey Exam #1 > Flashcards

Etsey Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

The __________ cavity is the point of articulation between the scapula and humerus.

A

glenoid

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2
Q

The carpal bone that articulates with the first metacarpal is the __________.

A

trapezium

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3
Q

In cartilage, a cell found in a lacuna is referred to as a/an __________.

A

chondrocyte

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4
Q

The left hand and right hand are __________ to each other, meaning they are on opposite sides of the body.

A

Contralateral

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5
Q

The _________ gland is surrounded by the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.

A

pituitary

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6
Q

The shaft of a long bone is called the __________.

A

diaphysis

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7
Q

The hole that permits passage of the spinal cord through the occipital bone is the foramen __________.

A

magnum

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8
Q

Tissue growth through cell multiplication is referred to as __________.

A

hyperplasia

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9
Q

__________ (cells) secrete hydrochloric acid that breaks down bone and releases calcium and phosphate into the blood.

A

osteoclast

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10
Q

The inferior portion of the sternum is the __________ process.

A

xiphoid

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11
Q

Which cell type is not found in the epidermis?

Adipocyte
Keratinocyte
Melanocyte
Dendritic cell
Tactile cell

A

Adipocyte

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12
Q

Which of the following is not a function of epithelial tissue?

It resists abrasion.

It absorbs substances.

It produces specialized secretions.

It prevents the intrusion of microbes.

It stores energy.

A

It stores energy.

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13
Q

Which of the following tissues has a matrix arranged in concentric circles around a central canal that has blood vessels running through it?

Osseous tissue

Hyaline cartilage

Elastic cartilage

Dense regular connective tissue

Nervous tissue

A

Osseous tissue

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14
Q

The right hand and wrist of an adult has __________ bones; whereas the right upper limb of the same adult has __________ bones.

25; 30
18; 33
27; 33
28; 32
27; 30

A

27; 30

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15
Q

Which tissue would you expect to find in an area of the body that experiences friction and wear and tear?

Stratified squamous epithelium

Simple squamous epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by __________, whereas _________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.

mast cells; fibroblasts

adipocytes; plasma cells

osteocytes; chondroblasts

chondroblasts; plasma cells

chondroblasts; fibroblasts

A

chondroblasts; fibroblasts

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17
Q

Which structures separate the cranial bones at birth and allow for limited movement of the bones relative to one another?

Sutures
Sutural bones
Cartilaginous plates
Fontanelles
Sesamoid bones

A

Fontanelles

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18
Q

What do goblet cells secrete?

Glycosaminoglycans
Mucus
Fibers
Hormones
Antibodies

A

Mucus

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19
Q

Looking at a slide of thick skin under the microscope, you note that the stratum basale is the __________ layer of the epidermis in from the surface.

fourth
second
third
first
fifth

A

fifth

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20
Q

The process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream is known as _________.

crystallization
resorption
mineral deposition
mineralization
ossification

A

resorption

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21
Q

A child falls and breaks his humerus, the upper arm bone, along the epiphysial plate. Which of the following could result from this injury?

As an adult, red marrow will persist in the medullary cavity of the humerus.

As an adult this person will have one humerus longer than the other.

As an adult, the diaphysis of the broken humerus will be much smaller than that of the unbroken one.

Blood cell production will decrease dramatically in the injured bone.

A

As an adult this person will have one humerus longer than the other.

22
Q

Which of the following tissues are avascular?

Muscle tissue and cartilage

Bone and cartilage

Nervous tissue and bone

Nervous tissue and muscle tissue

Epithelial tissue and cartilage

A

Epithelial tissue and cartilage

23
Q

The urinary bladder is located in the __________ abdominopelvic region.

umbilical
hypogastric
epigastric
inguinal
hypochondriac

A

hypogastric

24
Q

A nine-year-old boy falls off his bike and lands on his hand, breaking the lateral bone of his antebrachium. Which bone did he break?

His carpal
His humerus
His metacarpal
His ulna
His radius

A

His radius

25
Q

Which one of the following descriptions is not part of being in anatomical position?

Face and eyes facing forward

Standing erect

Palms facing posteriorly

Arms at sides

Feet flat on the floor

A

Palms facing posteriorly

26
Q

Feeling structures with your fingertips is called __________, whereas tapping on the body and listening for the sounds of abnormalities is called __________.

palpation; percussion
percussion; auscultation
percussion; palpation
palpation; auscultation
auscultation; percussion

A

palpation; percussion

27
Q

You find an animal bone while hiking. It is nearly equal in length and width. How would you classify it?

As a tibia
As an irregular bone
As a short bone
As a long bone
As a flat bone

A

As a short bone

28
Q

In which of the following skin layers would a subcutaneous injection be administered?

Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
Hypodermis
Stratum corneum
Dermis

A

Hypodermis

29
Q

If a thyroid tumor secreted an excessive amount of calcitonin, which of the following would we expect to see?

Increasingly brittle bones

An elevated level of osteoblast activity

An elevated level of osteoclast activity

A reduced rate of endochondral ossification

A rise in blood calcium concentration

A

An elevated level of osteoblast activity

30
Q

The reticular layer of the dermis consists of what kind of tissue?

Stratified squamous epithelium

Dense irregular connective tissue

Reticular connective tissue

Areolar connective tissue

Dense regular connective tissue

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

31
Q

When you wiggle the tip of your nose with your fingers, the flexibility of the nose is due to the presence of which tissue?

Fibrocartilage
Areolar connective tissue
Reticular connective tissue
Elastic cartilage
Hyaline cartilage

A

Elastic cartilage

32
Q

Why does an adult not have as many bones as a child?

Many bones are replaced by cartilage with age.

Osteoporosis leads to bone loss with age.

Some separate bones gradually fuse with age.

Osteoclast activity overcomes osteoblast activity with age.

Bones are reabsorbed with age.

A

Some separate bones gradually fuse with age.

33
Q

After six months of lifting weights at the gym, you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to __________ of muscle cells.

neoplasia
hyperplasia
atrophy
metaplasia
hypertrophy

A

hypertrophy

34
Q

Which of the following would decrease bone deposition by osteoblasts?

Estrogen

Parathyroid hormone

Calcitonin

Testosterone

Growth hormone

A

Parathyroid hormone

35
Q

Where does blood cell formation typically occur in a bone?

The yellow bone marrow

The epiphysial plate

The red bone marrow

The gelatinous bone marrow

The articular cartilage

A

The red bone marrow

36
Q

Which bone is in the distal row of carpals?

Triquetrum
Scaphoid
Trapezoid
Pisiform
Lunate

A

Scaphoid

37
Q

Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and __________.

adipocytes

neurocytes

fibroblasts

chondrocytes

neuroglia

A

neuroglia

38
Q

Abnormal skin color or dryness could be one piece of diagnostic information gained by auscultation. (T/F)

A

false

39
Q

The duct of an endocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface. (T/F)

A

false

40
Q

The skin carries out the first step in the synthesis of vitamin D. (T/F)

A

true

41
Q

The coxal joint is a ball-and-socket joint, in which the head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. (T/F)

A

false

42
Q

When the abdomen is divided into nine regions, the superior horizontal line is called the midclavicular line. (T/F)

A

false

43
Q

Osteogenic cells are bone stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts and osteoclasts. (T/F)

A

false

44
Q

The deeper of the two layers of the skin is the hypodermis. (T/F)

A

false

45
Q

It would be possible to see both eyes in a single frontal section of the head. (T/F)

A

true

46
Q

A radiograph (X-ray) of a child’s hand will show epiphysial lines. (T/F)

A

false

47
Q

Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs. (T/F)

A

true

48
Q

In anatomical position, the forearm is supinated. (T/F)

A

true

49
Q

Melanin, hemoglobin, and carotene give color to the skin. (T/F)

A

true

50
Q

After epiphyseal plates close in early adulthood, a synostosis remains between the epiphysis and diaphysis. (T/F)

A

true

Anatomy (37 decks)

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