Respiratory System Diagnositc and Therapeutic Procedures

Question 0

oximetry

Answer 0

noninvasive method or monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen; also called pulse oximetry. A probe is attached to a patient’s finger or ear lobe and linked to a computer that displays the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen.

Question 1

Mantoux test

Answer 1

Intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen. A positive test suggests a past or present exposure to TB or past TB vaccination. Does not differentiate between active or inactive infection.

Question 2

Polysomnography

Answer 2

Test of sleep cycles and stages using continuous recordings of brain waves (EEGs), electrical activity of muscles, eye movement (electro-oculogram), respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, heart rhythm, and, sometimes, direct observation of the person during sleep using a video camera

Question 3

pulmonary function tests

Answer 3

multiple tests used to evaluate the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane

Question 4

spirometry

Answer 4

measurement of ventilatory ability by assessing lung capacity and flow, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air.

Question 5

bronchoscopy

Answer 5

Visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope (flexible fiberoptic or rigid) inserted through the nose or mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor.
Attachments on the bronchoscope can be used to suction mucus, remove foreign bodies, collect sputum, or perform a biopsy

Question 6

laryngoscopy

Answer 6

Visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury or other abnormalities

Question 7

mediastinoscopy

Answer 7

Visual examination of the mediastinal structures including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes

Question 8

arterial blood gas (ABG)

Answer 8

test to measure partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), Carbon dioxide (PCO2), pH (acidity or alkalinity), and bicarbonate level of an arterial blood sample

Question 9

sputum culture

Answer 9

microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias

Question 10

sweat test

Answer 10

Measurement of the amount of salt (sodium chloride) in sweat. Used almost exclusively in children to confirm cystic fibrosis.

Question 11

throat culture

Answer 11

Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci. Untreated streptococcal infection may lead to serious secondary complications, including kidney and heart disease.

Question 12

radiography

Answer 12

process of producing images using an x-ray passed through the body or area and captured on a film. 
A thoracic (chest) x-ray includes images of the chest taken from anteroposterior (AP) projection, posteroanterior (AP) projection, lateral projection, or a combination of these projections. 
Used to diagnose rib fractures and lung diseases including atelectasis, masses, pneumonia, and emphysema.

Question 13

scan

Answer 13

Imaging procedure that gathers information about a specific organ or structure of the body. In some cases, small amounts of injected radionuclide (tracer) are used to enhance images.

A lung scan is a nuclear scanning test used primarily to detect pulmonary emboli. A lung scan is commonly performed to detect the presence of a blood clot that may be interfering with blood flow in or to the lung

Question 14

aerosol therapy

Answer 14

Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways. Techniques include nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), and dry powder inhalers (DPIs)
Nebulizers change liquid medications into droplets to be inhaled through a mouthpiece.
MDIs deliver a specific amount when activated. Children and the elderly can use a spacer to synchronize inhalation with medication release.
A DPI is activated by a quick inhalation by the user.

Question 15

lavage

Answer 15

irrigating or washing out of an organ, stomach, bladder, bowel, or body cavity with a stream of water or other fluid.
Lavage of the paranasal sinuses is usually performed to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed medical management.

Question 16

antral lavage

Answer 16

irrigation of the antrum (maxillary sinus) in chronic or nonresponsive sinusitis

Question 17

postural drainage

Answer 17

positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage or secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs

Question 18

pleurectomy

Answer 18

Excision of part of the pleura, usually parietal.

Usually performed to reduce pain caused by a tumor mass or to prevent the recurrence of pleural effusion.

Question 19

pneumectomy

Answer 19

removal of a lung. the excision of a lobe of a lung is called lobectomy

Question 20

septoplasty

Answer 20

surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures. Common complications of a deviated septum include interference with breathing and a predisposition to sinus infections

Question 21

thoracentesis

Answer 21

Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity; also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis.
Thoracentesis is performed as a diagnostic procedure to determine the nature and cause of an effusion or as a therapeutic procedure to relieve the discomfort caused by the effusion.

Question 22

tracheostomy

Answer 22

Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted.