Respiratory Diagnostic, Symptomatic, and Related Terms

Question 0

expectorants

Answer 0

medications that aid in the removal of mucus

Question 1

Status asthmaticus

Answer 1

the term used for the asthma when the usual methods (mucolytics and bronchodilators) do not reverse bronchospams

Question 2

pleural effusion

Answer 2

any abnormal fluid in the pleural cavity, the space between the visceral and parietal pleura

Question 3

auscultation

Answer 3

the listening of sounds made by organs of the body using a stethoscope

Question 4

percussion

Answer 4

the gentle tapping of the chest with the fingers and listening to the resultant sounds to determine the position, size, or consistency of the underlying structures.

Question 5

Transudate

Answer 5

a pleural effusion that is noninflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with slightly less protein. It results from an imbalance in venous arterial pressure or decrease of protein in blood. Common causes are left ventricular heart failure and liver disorders.

Question 6

exudate

Answer 6

pleural effusion that is usually high in protein and contains blood and immune cells. Common causes are tumors, infections, and inflammation.

Question 7

Types of pleural effusions

Answer 7

serum (hydrothorax)
pus (empyema or pyrothorax)
blood (hemothorax)

Question 8

pneumothorax

Answer 8

when air enters the pleural space. Can cause partial or complete collapse of the lung

Question 9

thoracentesis,

thoracentesis

Answer 9

surgical puncture of the chest using a hollow bore needle. Used for pleural effusions to remove excess fluid.

Question 10

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Answer 10

bacteria that causes TB. Known as the acid fast bacillus (AFB) because lab staining is difficult and complex.

Question 11

Droplet nuclei

Answer 11

droplets of respiratory secretions that can spread TB

Question 12

Primary TB

Answer 12

First time TB enters the body (develops slowly)

Question 13

tubercles

Answer 13

inflammatory nodules (granulomas) caused by TB

Question 14

aspiration pneumonia

Answer 14

pneumonia caused by food or liquid inhalation. Potentially fatal.

Question 15

Consolidation

Answer 15

Condition usually caused by bacterial pneumonia in which the tissue of the lung loses its spongy texture and becomes swollen and engorged. Air is replaced by fluid and inflammatory debris.

Question 16

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

Answer 16

A type of pneumonia closely associated with AIDS. Caused by a fungus that lives in most people.

Question 17

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 17

hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands that causes the body to secrete extremely thick (viscous) mucous. Mucous clogs the ducts of the pancreas, digestive, and sweat glands. Causes repeated infections in lungs. Common test is the sweat test.

Question 18

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Answer 18

Condition in which the lungs no longer function effectively. Usually occurs as a result of very serious lung conditions, such as trauma, severe pneumonia, and other major infections that affect the entire body or blood.

Question 19

Hyalin Membrane Disease (HMD)

Answer 19

Sometimes called Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS).
Caused by insufficient surfactant, a phospholipid substance that helps keep alveoli open. Symptoms included cyanosis of extremities, flaring of nares and central cyanosis, tachypnea, intercostal retraction, grunting during exhalation.

Question 20

bronchogenic carcinoma

Answer 20

also called primary pulmonary cancer.
most common form of lung cancer
usually associated with tobacco use

Question 21

acidosis

Answer 21

excessive acidity of body fluids

Question 22

anosmia

Answer 22

absence of the sense of smell

Question 23

apnea

Answer 23

temporary loss of breathing
Three types:
1. obstructive: enlarged tonsils and adenoids
2. central: failure of the brain to transmit impulses for breathing
3. mixed: combination of obstructive and central

sleep apnea is a sleeping disorder in which breathing stops repeatedly for more than 10 seconds, causing measurable blood deoxygenation.

Question 24

asphyxia

Answer 24

condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen

Question 25

atelectasis

Answer 25

collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affect all or part of a lung.

a potential complication of some surgeries

fetal atelectasis: lungs fail to expand at birth

Question 26

cheyne-Stokes respiration

Answer 26

repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all.
usually caused by diseases that affect the respiratory centers of the brain

Question 27

compliance

Answer 27

ease with which lung tissue can be stretched

Question 28

coryza

Answer 28

head cold; upper respiratory infection (URI)

Question 29

crackle

Answer 29

Abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture filled alveoli; also called rale

Question 30

croup

Answer 30

common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages, and sometimes, lungs

SIgns and symptoms include a resonant, barking cough with suffocative, difficult breathing; laryngeal spasms and, sometimes, the narrowing of the top of the air passages

Question 31

deviated nasal septum

Answer 31

displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils

Question 32

epiglottitis

Answer 32

severe, life threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years of age.

Signs and symptoms of epiglottitis include fever, dysphagia, inspiratory stridor, and severe respiratory distress. Intubation or tracheostomy may be required to open the obstructed airway

Question 33

epitaxis

Answer 33

Nosebleed; nasal hemorrhage

Question 34

finger clubbing

Answer 34

enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, commonly associated with pulmonary disease

Question 35

hypoxemia

Answer 35

Deficiency of oxygen in the blood. Usually a sign of respiratory impairment

Question 36

hypoxia

Answer 36

Deficiency of oxygen in tissues. Usually a sign of respiratory impairment.

Question 37

pertussis

Answer 37

acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a “whoop” sound; also called whooping cough

Question 38

pleurisy

Answer 38

inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; also called pleuritis

Question 39

pneumoconiosis

Answer 39

disease caused by inhaling dust particles, including coal dust (anthracosis), stone dust (chalicosis), iron dust (siderosis), and asbestos particles (asbestosis)

Question 40

pulmonary edema

Answer 40

accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli , caused most commonly by heart failure. excessive fluid in the lungs induces coughing and dyspnea

Question 41

pulmonary embolus

Answer 41

blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (such as a blood clot, tissue, air bubbles, and bacteria)

Question 42

rhonchus

Answer 42

abnormal breathing sound heard on auscultation. described as a course, rattling noise that resembles snoring, commonly suggesting secretions in the larger airways.

Question 43

stridor

Answer 43

high pitched, harsh adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling or the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway. requires immediate intervention

Question 44

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Answer 44

completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months of age; also called crib death

Question 45

wheeze

Answer 45

whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway