Digestive System Pathology

Question 0

Ulcerative Colitis

Answer 0

commonly begins in rectum or sigmoid colon and extends into entire colon.
Characterized by profuse, watery diarrhea containing varying amounts of blood, mucus, and pus.
inflammation only involves the mucosal lining of the colon, and the affected portion of the colon is uniformly involved, with no patches of healthy tissue

Question 1

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Answer 1

leading cause is Helicobacter Pylori; burrows into mucosa of stomach or duodenum, making it more susceptible to the action of Pepsin and stomach acid.
Treatment includes antibiotics for H. Pylori and antacids

Question 2

hernia

Answer 2

protrusion of any organ, tissue or structure through the wall of the cavity in which it is naturally contained

Question 3

inguinal hernia

Answer 3

develops in the groin where the abdominal folds of flesh meet the thighs

Question 4

strangulated hernia

Answer 4

occurs when blood supply to hernia is cut off because of pressure possibly leading to necrosis and gangrene

Question 5

umbilical hernia

Answer 5

protrusion of part of the intestine at the navel

Question 6

herniorrhaphy

Answer 6

suture of the abdominal wall

Question 7

diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 7

congenital hernia of a bulging diphragm

Question 8

hiatal hernia

Answer 8

lower part of esophagus and top of stomach slides through an opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm into the thorax. stomach acids back up into esophagus; can lead to GERD

Question 9

ileus

Answer 9

mechanical blockage of the intestine (obstacle or barrier)

Question 10

paralytic ileus

Answer 10

peristaltic movement is lacking or absent and contents are no longer propelled through the intestine.
often result after abdominal surgeries or with spinal chord lesions; can be caused by thrombosis or embolisms of messenteric vessels and trauma or bacterial injury to the peritoneum

Question 11

hemorrhoids

Answer 11

enlarged veins in the mucous membrane of the anal canal

Question 12

hepatitis

Answer 12

can be caused by exposure to toxic substances, obstructions in bile ducts, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and bacterial or viral infections
hep A: infectious hepatitis
hep B: serum hepatitis

Question 13

parenteral

Answer 13

diseases transmitted by routes other than the mouth

Question 14

icterus

Answer 14

jaundice; yellowing of skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. occurs because the liver is no longer able to remove bilirubin, a yellow compound formed when ereythrocytes are destroyed

Question 15

diverticulosis

Answer 15

diverticula develop in the inner lining of the large intestine and may balloon through intestinal wall. usually is not a problem unless there is inflammation (diverticulitis)

Question 16

colorectal cancer

Answer 16

arises from epithelial lining of large intestine
signs and symptoms: changes in bowel habits, passage of blood and mucus in stools, rectal or abdominal pain, anemia, weight loss, obstruction, and perforation