Blood Lymph and Immune Systems Various Terms

Question 0

antigen

Answer 0

substance recognized as harmful to the host and stimulates formation of antibodies in an immunocompetent individual

Question 1

antibody

Answer 1

Protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to presence of a foreign substance called an antigen

Question 2

bile pigments

Answer 2

Substances derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin, produced by the liver, and excreted in the form of bile. Interference with the excretion of bile bay lead to jaundice.

Question 3

cytokines

Answer 3

Chemical substances produced by certain cells that initiate, inhibit, increase, or decrease activity in other cells. Cytokines are important chemical communicators in the immune response , regulating many activities associated with immunity and inflammation.

Question 4

extracellular fluid

Answer 4

all body fluids found outside cells, including interstitial fluid, plasma, lymph, and cerebrospinal fluid.
Extracellular fluid provides a stable external environment for body cells.

Question 5

immunocommpetent

Answer 5

Ability to develop an immune response, or the ability to recognize antigens and respond to them.

Question 6

natural killer cells

Answer 6

specialized lymphocytes that kill abnormal cells by releasing chemicals that destroy the cell membrane causing its intercellular fluids to leak out.
Natural killer cells destroy virally infected cells and tumor cells.

Question 7

hematopoiesis; hemopoiesis

Answer 7

development and maturation of blood cells.
erythoropoiesis
leukopoiesis
thrombopoiesis

Question 8

reticulocyte

Answer 8

immature red blood cell. may still contain small fragment of nuclear material

Question 9

hemosiderinan

Answer 9

an iron compound that is the break down product of hemoglobin released from ruptured red blood cells

Question 10

diapedesis

Answer 10

the process by which WBCs leave the blood stream and enter tissue spaces

Question 11

granulocytes

Answer 11

WBCs that contain granules

neutrophils: most numerous circulating leukocyte; first to appear at site of injury or infection;l highly phagocytic
eosinophils: granules stain with eosin; release substances that neutralize toxins; increase in number during allergic reactions and parasitic infections
basophils: stain with basic dye; release histamines and heparin when tissue is damaged.

Question 12

Histamines

Answer 12

initiate inflammatory response by increasing blood flow to an area

Question 13

heparin

Answer 13

anticoagulant that acts to prevent blood from clotting at a site of injury

Question 14

Agranulocytes

Answer 14

do not contain granules; nucleus does not have lobes (mononuclear leukocytes)
monocytes: transform into macrophages when they leave the blood vessels
Lymphocytes: B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells.

Question 15

hemostasis

Answer 15

blood clotting

Question 16

serum

Answer 16

the name for blood plasma after fibrinogen and clotting elements are removed.

Question 17

anamnestic response

Answer 17

the memory response of B and T cells. the response when the body is exposed to an antigen the second time and the cells act much more rapidly and efficiently than the first.