Blood, Lymph and Immune Systems Diagnostic and Therapeutic procedures

Question 0

complete blood count (CBC)

Answer 0

Series of tests that includes hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, WBC, and platelet counts, differential WBC count, RBC indices, and RBC and WBC morphology

Question 1

blood culture

Answer 1

test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream

Question 2

differential count (diff)

Answer 2

test that enumerates the distribution of WBCs in a stained blood smear by counting the different kinds of WBCs and reporting each as a percentage of the total examined.
Because differential values change considerably in pathology, this test is commonly used as a first step in diagnosing a disease.

Question 3

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Answer 3

measurement of the distance RBCs settle to the bottom of a test tube under standardized condition; al;so called sed rate.
elevated sed rate is associated with inflammatory diseases, cancer, and pregnancy, but decreases in liver disease. The more elevated the sed rate, the more sever is the inflammation.

Question 4

hemoglobin (Hgb) value

Answer 4

Measurement of the amount of hemoglobin found in a whole blood sample
Hgb values decrease in anemia and increase in dehydration, polycythemia vera, and thrombocytopenia

Question 5

hematocrit (Hct)

Answer 5

measurement of the percentage of RBCs in a whole blood sample

Question 6

monospot

Answer 6

non specific rapid serological test for infectious mononucleosis; also called the heterophile antibody test

Question 7

partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Answer 7

test that measures the length of time it takes blood to clot. It screens for deficiencies of some clotting factors and monitors the effectiveness of anticoagulant (heparin) therapy; also called activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)
PTT is valuable for preoperative screening of bleeding tendencies

Question 8

prothrombin time (PT)

Answer 8

test that measures the time it takes for the plasma portion of blood to clot. it is used to evaluate portions of the coagulation system; also called Pro time
PT is commonly used to manage patients receiving the anticoagulant warfarin (Coummadin)

Question 9

red blood cell (RBC) indices

Answer 9

mathematical calculation of the size, volume, and concentration of hemoglobin for an RBC

Question 10

lymphadenography

Answer 10

radiographic examination of lymph nodes after injection of a contrast medium

Question 11

lymphangiography

Answer 11

radiographic examination of lymph vessels or tissues after injection of contrast medium

Question 12

aspiration

Answer 12

drawing in or out by suction.
procedure using a syringe with a thin aspirating needle inserted (usually in the pelvic bone and rarely in the sternum) to withdraw a small sample of bone marrow fluid for microscopic evaluation

Question 13

bone marrow biopsy

Answer 13

removal of a small core sample of tissue from bone marrow for examination under a microscope and, possibly, for analysis using other tests

Question 14

sentinel node

Answer 14

removal of the first lymph node (the sentinel node) that receives drainage from cancer containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells.
If the sentinel not contain malignant cells, there may be no need to remove additional lymph nodes.

Question 15

lymphangiectomy

Answer 15

removal of a lymph vessel

Question 16

transfusion

Answer 16

infusion of blood or blood components into the bloodstream

Question 17

autologous transfusion

Answer 17

transfusion prepared from the recipients own blood

Question 18

homologous

Answer 18

transfusion prepared from another individual whose blood is compatible with that of the recipient

Question 19

transplantation

Answer 19

grafting of tissue from its normal position to another site or from one person to another

Question 20

autologous bone marrow transplantation

Answer 20

harvesting, freezing (cryopreserving), and reinfusing the patient’s own bone marrow to treat bone marrow hypoplasia following cancer therapy

Question 21

homologous bone marrow transplantation

Answer 21

transplantation of bone marrow from one individual to another to treat aplastic anemia, leukemia, and immunodeficiency disorders