Endocrine Diagnostic, Symptomatic, and Related Terms

Question 0

diuresis

Answer 0

Increased formation and secretion of urine.
Diuresis occurs in such conditions as diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, and acute renal failure. Alcohol and coffee are common diuretics that increase formation and secretion of urine.

Question 1

acromegaly

Answer 1

Chronic metabolic disorder characterized by a gradual, marked enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw.
affects middle aged and older persons and is caused by overproduction of growth hormone (GH). Treatment includes radiation, pharmacological agents, or surgery, which commonly involves partial resection of the pituitary gland.

Question 2

glucagon

Answer 2

hormone created by the pancreatic alpha cells.

used as an injection in diabetes to revers hypoglycemic reactions and insulin shock

Question 3

glucose

Answer 3

simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion

Question 4

glycosuria

Answer 4

presence of glucose in the urine or abnormal amount of sugar in the urine

Question 5

Graves’ disease

Answer 5

multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism usually associated with enlarged thyroid gland and exophthalmos (abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs)

Question 6

hirsutism

Answer 6

excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women

usually caused by abnormalities of androgen production or metabolism

Question 7

hyperkalemia

Answer 7

excessive amount of potassium in the blood. most commonly a result of defective renal excretion of potassium

Question 8

hypervolemia

Answer 8

abnormal increase the volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in the body
hypervolemia commonly results from retention of large amounts of sodium and water by the kidneys. signs and symptoms of hypervolemia include weight gain, edema, dyspnea, tachycardia, and pulmonary congestion

Question 9

insulinoma

Answer 9

tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas

Question 10

obesity

Answer 10

excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above the ideal body weight.
obesity may be due to excessive intake of food (exogenous) or metabolic endocrine abnormalities (endogenous)

Question 11

panhypopituitarism

Answer 11

total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormonal activity

Question 12

pheochromocytoma

Answer 12

small chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla

Question 13

thyroid storm

Answer 13

crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of increased amount of thyroid hormone; also called thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis.
thyroid storm may occur spontaneously or be precipitated by infection, stress, or thyroidectomy performed on a patient who is inadequately prepared with antithyroid drugs. Thyroid storm is considered a medical emergency and, if left untreated may be fatal.

Question 14

virile

Answer 14

masculine or having characteristics of a man

Question 15

virilism

Answer 15

masculinization in a woman or development of male secondary sex characteristics in the woman