Digestive System Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedure

Question 0

Liver Function Tests (LFTs)

Answer 0

Group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions often associated with the biliary tract. Evaluates liver enzymes, bilirubin, and proteins produced by the liver.

Question 1

Endoscopy

Answer 1

Visual examination of a cavity or canal using a flexible fiberoptic instrument called a endoscope

Upper GI:
	esophagoscopy
	gastroscopy
	duodenoscopy
Lower GI:
	colonoscopy
	sigmoidoscopy
	proctoscopy

Question 2

Serum Bilirubin

Answer 2

Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood

Question 3

Stool Culture

Answer 3

Test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces

Question 4

stool guiac

Answer 4

applying a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect presence of occult blood in the feces; also called Hemoccult (trade name of a modified guaiac test)

Question 5

barium enema

Answer 5

Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon following enema administration of barium sulfate (contrast medium) into the rectum; also called lower GI series

Question 6

Barium swallow

Answer 6

Radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium sulfate (contrast medium); also called esophagram, and upper GI series

Question 7

cholecystography

Answer 7

radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet

Question 8

computed tomography

Answer 8

in the digestive system, CT scans are used to view the gallbladder, bowel, liver, bile ducts, and pancreas. It is also used to diagnose tumors, cysts, inflammation, abscesses, perforation, bleeding, and obstructions.

Question 9

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Answer 9

Endoscopic procedure that provides radiographic visualization of the bile and pancreatic ducts to identify partial or total obstructions, as well as stones, cysts, and tumors.

Question 10

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTCP)

Answer 10

Radiographic examination of bile duct structures. Contrast medium is injected through a needle passed through the skin (percutaneous) and through the liver (transhepatic) directly into the hepatic duct

Question 11

sialography

Answer 11

radiologic examination of the salivary glands and ducts (with or without contrast medium)

Question 12

ultrasonography

Answer 12

Test that uses high frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to analyze the reflected echoes from anatomical structures and convert them into an image on a video monitor; also called ultrasound, sonography, echo, and echogram

abdominal ultrasound is used for the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder

Question 13

Liver Biopsy

Answer 13

use of a large-bore needle to remove a core of liver tissue for histological examination

Question 14

nasogastric intubation

Answer 14

procedure that involves insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, good, or gastric secretions; to instill medication, food, or fluids, or to obtain a specimen for lab analysis

Question 15

anastomosis

Answer 15

surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

ileorectal: surgical connection of ileum and rectum after total colectomy
intestinal: surgical connection of two portions of the intestines; also called enteroenterostomy

Question 16

vertical banded gastroplasty

Answer 16

a type of bariatric surgery in which the upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch. A band is then inserted that restricts food consumption and delays its

Question 17

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Answer 17

Stomach is first stapled to decrease it to a small pouch. Next, the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration. This configuration decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing absorption of calories and fats

Question 18

lithotripsy

Answer 18

crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments either surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves

Extracorporeal shockwave: use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder and biliary ducts

Question 19

polypectomy

Answer 19

excision of a polyp.
When polyps are discovered during sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, they are excised for microscopic tissue examination for abnormal or cancerous cells

Question 20

pyloromyotomy

Answer 20

Incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus; used to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis